With the advent of the first telegraph in 1837, which gave the world the opportunity to transmit information at a distance, people's lives changed radically. But the appearance of the first telephone set, with the help of which remote sound transmission was realized, became a real sensation.
Today, no one can even imagine themselves without a personal mobile phone. Technology does not stand still, the telephone market is constantly expanding and every year presents consumers with new, improved models. But let's remember how it all began, who invented the first telephone, how mobile phones appeared and what is the success of modern Apple models.
Building the first phone
The first telephone was introduced in 1876 in the United States of America, and became the creator who patented his invention. Initially, Bell's phone worked at a distance of 200 meters, but the scientist did not stop working and improving his invention, and a year later the phone underwent such an upgrade that it remained unchanged after it for another 100 years.
Bell's first phone
The creation of the telephone by Bell was not planned. The goal facing the scientist was to improve the telegraph - he tried to achieve the transmission of 5 telegrams at the same time. In the process of work, plates with different frequencies were created, one of which once failed. Bell's partner, angry, began to swear. And Bell, who was at that time at the receiving apparatus, unexpectedly heard the voice of his own partner remotely. From this moment begins the history of the creation of the first telephone.
The "telephone" patent received by Bell is considered one of the most profitable both in the USA and in the world. He brought wealth and worldwide recognition to the creator, and the name of Alexander Bell went down in history forever.
First mobile phone
The idea of creating mobile phones appeared in the middle of the 20th century, and again in the United States of America.
In 1947, the Bell Laboratories put forward a proposal to create a mobile phone. True, by this they meant a device that will be built into a car, since the weight of the phone was 30-40 kg without a power source. Only in the 70s the weight of phones was reduced to 14 kg, but the power supply was still placed in the car.
Until 1972, Motorola had nothing to do with cell phones, the main goal of the company was the creation of portable radios. Everything changed thanks to a simple employee of the company, Martin Cooper, who at one random moment came to the conclusion that it was possible to create an oversized cell phone. Sharing this discovery with colleagues, he began development, which continued throughout the year.
In 1973, the Dyna-Tac apparatus was ready. It was a small-sized cell phone by those standards, weighing 1.15 kg and measuring 22.5 * 12.5 * 3.75 cm. It housed 10 numeric keys, a call button and a hang up button. The phone had no display. The battery lasted 35 minutes of continuous talk, but after that it took 10 hours to charge the phone.
To implement the invention, it remained only to test it in practice. It happened on April 3, 1973 in New York. The first “training” station was installed on the roof of a 50-story building, and Martin Cooper personally conducted the experiment by dialing the head of Bell Laboratories and talking to him on a cell phone. It was a triumph that became the first step in the rapid development and improvement of "manual" mobile phones.
The advent of touch phones
It will seem surprising, but the first touchscreen phone was not widely used by users, and the creator company even refused to continue working in the field. mobile devices.
This happened in 1993. IBM Corporation, specializing in the production of computer equipment, introduced the world's first touch mobile phone, calling it "IBM Simon". At that time, it represented the maximum possible characteristics, weighed 0.5 kg, and most of the operations on the display were actually performed with the fingers.
The phone's battery was designed for 1 hour of continuous talk time or 8 hours of standby time. RAM it was 1 MB, the developers also provided for receiving on the phone Email and faxes.
However, as we have already noted, IBM Simon did not receive distribution. Firstly, this was due to the overpriced price of the phone - $1100. Secondly, the apparatus was unreliable and often needed costly repairs. As a result, the developer company simply liquidated itself from the mobile phone production market.
Apple in the life of a person of the XXI century
Today, Apple products are not only compact devices whose quality is noted all over the world, but also the most fashionable brand of the 21st century. People literally cannot imagine their life without the "apple", and the start of sales of a new product of the company always goes with a buzz.
It's hard to imagine, but the release of the first iPhone took place 10 years ago. True, the creation of famous smartphones began back in 2002 - the founder of Apple.
His main idea was to create a device that meets the needs of consumers: stylish design, built-in player and mini-computer, as well as high power phone. But the first iPhone did not live up to the expectations of even Jobs himself, the smartphone lacked power, but the main disadvantage was the low speed of the Internet connection. Therefore, the first iPhone model did not receive mass distribution.
Work on upgrading the product continued, and a year later a new model was introduced - the iPhone 3G. The problem with the speed of the Internet in this model was almost solved, the design was also upgraded, and the operating memory was replaced. The success of this model was confirmed by information received from sales: more than 70 countries became interested in a new product.
After the iPhone 3G S was released, it was announced as high-speed. New features have appeared, such as voice control and encryption of personal information. Like the previous model, the new iPhone quickly filled the markets and was sold out.
Today, Apple smartphones are sold with great success in more than 80 countries around the world. iPhones have moved from an affordable smartphone to an “above average” category, since the cost of even older models rarely drops below 25,000 rubles, and new ones cost 130-150 thousand rubles from the start of sales.
- People could consider the inventor of the telephone not Alexander Bell, but Antonio Meucci, who also developed the telephone, but refused to patent his invention for $10, and Bell took advantage of this.
- Today, Nokia is developing a way to make it possible to recharge the phone from radio waves.
- The first telephone did not have a ringer; instead, a whistle was used.
- Waterproof phones are popular in Japan, as the Japanese use them even in the shower.
- Antarctica also has its own dialing code, starting with +682.
- 150 million mobile phones are sent to landfill every year due to replacement with an improved device, not because of a phone malfunction.
The invention of the telephone and its modernization to mobile is, of course, a breakthrough for science and an extremely important discovery for man. Now everyone, regardless of distance, feels close to friends and family, talking to them daily.
Also, modern phones provide instant access to the necessary information 24 hours a day. The main thing is to correctly use the achievements of the 21st century and not stop there, because the new demands of people lead to world discoveries, being a "push" and a call for development.
Modern people cannot imagine life without a telephone, although relatively recently it did not exist yet. The very first sample, similar to the current mobile "brothers", could transmit sound, had a tiny black and white screen and not a single hint of future grandeur and functionality.
The invention of the telephone, which is the direct ancestor of today's smartphones, is shared between Antonio Meucci and Alexander Bell.
It is not known for certain which of them was the first to guess this, but both have applied for patents. And, although Bell's application was created 5 years later than Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell is considered the official founding father of telephone communications.
The first telephone and telegraph (invention history)
The inventor of the first electromagnetic telegraph is Pavel Schilling, a Russian scientist. He publicly demonstrated a discovery that allowed information to be transmitted remotely in October 1832.
The idea was supported, and a year later the telegraph, built by Wilhelm Weber and Karl Gauss, appeared in Germany. Cook Wheatstone, a native of England, created an amazing device according to the drawings of Schilling in 1837, and in 1840 a similar invention was patented by a US resident Samuel Morse.
Telephone
The Italian Antonio Meucci, who lives in England, went further and created an apparatus that transmits sounds over wires. The 1871 patent application proudly listed "Telephone".
Invented: "talking telegraph"
Alexander Bell patented the "talking telegraph" in 1876. His device transmitted sounds "live" with almost no delay, allowing him to recognize human speech. The device was presented to the public at the World Electrical Exhibition of 1876, which was held in Philadelphia.
Who called the phone a phone?
Charles Boursel spoke about the principle of the telegraph in his dissertation back in 1854, but limited himself to theory. Nevertheless, Bursel distinguished himself and took his place in history by using the word "telephone".
Who invented the first cell (mobile) phone?
The first cellular device is the DynaTAC 8000X model, created by Motorola. It entered the market in 1983 and was so popular that, even at the fabulous price of $ 3,995 at that time, it was sold out like pies.
The DinaTAK device held a full battery charge for about 60 minutes, could store 30 numbers, had no display or other functions, except for a call. It weighed almost a kilogram, was distinguished by an inconspicuous design and 12 keys.
It was possible to talk on it for only 30 minutes, after which it was necessary to put it on charge, which took 10 hours.
Satellite phone number 1
The Mobira Cityman 900, introduced in 1987 by Nokia, was the first satellite phone. It was he who was used by Mikhail Gorbachev to call Moscow while in Helsinki, which was captured by the paparazzi.
The entire beau monde wished to purchase a "pipe" with an antenna that weighed about 800 grams, despite the cost. If converted to today's exchange rate, the purchase cost people 6,700 dollars or 202,500 rubles.
First inventor of the telephone with a video camera
The first phone with a video camera was the Japanese Sharp J-SH04, released in 2000. At that time, a resolution of 0.1 megapixels seemed like an impossible miracle, allowing you to create your own videos.
Who and when invented the touch phone?
The creator of the touch phone is the computer company IBM. The novelty was presented to the general public in 1998, although its development took 5 years.
Model LG KE850 Prada of 2007 was the first where the sensor did not work with a stylus, but with a finger. It also has a bright design and wide functionality.
Who first invented the Smartphone?
The first smartphone appeared in the mobile industry in 1996 and was called the Nokia 9000 Communicator. It weighed almost 400 grams, had a monochrome display, 8 MB of memory and a QWERTY keyboard.
But the term itself was introduced by Ericsson when it introduced the Ericsson R380s to the world in 2000. In addition to multifunctionality, this smartphone was distinguished by its small size and weight of only 160 grams. Its feature was a flip cover (flip) covering the touch screen.
The invention of the Android phone
Android was developed by Android Inc., later acquired by Google. The world's first Android phone was launched in September 2008. It was called T-Mobile G1 or HTC Dream.
In the vastness of Russia, the first such smartphone was Highscreen PP5420 - 2009 release. After the release of the third version of Android in February 2011, tablets based on this base began to appear.
Who Invented the iPhone?
The popular iPhone series of smartphones was invented by Apple Corporation. Steve Jobs announced it in January 2007 at a thematic conference, and the first model went on sale 4 months later.
The "name" of the series means the word "telephone" followed by the letter i, which is an abbreviation for the word Internet.
- inspire (inspiration),
- instruct (training),
- inform (knowledge),
- individual (personality).
Updated iPhones appear every year. The last one was released in the spring of 2016. It is called the iPhone SE, popularly referred to as the "iPhone 7", because the previous one was called the iPhone 6 Plus, but in fact it is the model number 9.
Wikipedia on telephone inventions
Wikipedia has a lot to say about telephone inventions. In it you can find events that preceded the appearance of the telegraph, associated with the discoveries of famous physicists. It allows you to get acquainted with the full history of the origin and development of the apparatus, which has become important for modern society.
But the information about the first phones, presented on Wikipedia, is rather scarce. About camera phones, for example, it is said in passing. However, modern models, their functionality, design and manufacturers are described in detail.
The phone has come a long way from a telegraph, which transmits information over short distances by wire, to a smartphone, which contains almost all the world's knowledge, working thanks to a built-in satellite dish. Development continues. Perhaps, in the near future, the phone will become even more powerful and functional, and will also acquire a new look.
The telephone was developed back in 1860 in the United States by an Italian immigrant named Antonio Meucci. However, for a long time, the American Alexander Bell was considered the creator of this useful device, who received a patent for the invention and subsequent profit from sales.
History of the phone
The name telephone comes from the fusion of two Greek words body(far) and background(sound). For the first time, a new word was heard from the lips of the famous scientist Charles Brussel back in the fifties of the nineteenth century. It is he who is the author of the very principle of voice transmission at a distance. But the scientist did not advance further than the idea and writing a scientific work.
The invention of the first telephone by Antonio Meucci was accompanied by fraud on the part of Western Union, which bought the drawings from the inventor for a pittance. The condition of the sale included assistance in patenting the device. However, the company's management, for some reason, froze this project and did not give it a go, and the patent office denied the scientist the right to authorship.
Sixteen years later, two scientists on the same day, independently of each other, applied to the bureau for a patent for devices for transmitting sounds using electricity. These were Alexander Bell and some Elisha Gray. But Gray later withdrew his statement.
Meucci for a long time sued Bell for the right to be the inventor of the telephone. And in the late eighties, the claims were satisfied. Unfortunately, at that time the author no longer had any rights to his invention and lived his life in poverty and obscurity.
The first telephone calls and the evolution of the device
Alexander Bell was still a really talented scientist. Together with his colleague and assistant Tom Watson, Bell managed to improve the design of the mechanism. This is how the first telephone membrane was created. An interesting fact is that Bel considered it possible to communicate with the dead by telephone.
Microphone improvement studied by the already famous Thomas Edison. His developments were widely used in telephones until the nineties of the last century.
The first telephone conversation took place even before the official patenting of the device in Germany. The designer Johann Reis, like many scientists of that time, was interested in the possibility of transmitting sounds. The inventor also called his device a telephone, and the first phrase transmitted over it was: “A horse does not eat cucumber salad.”
Modern mobile phones are significantly different from what was used 20 or even 10 years ago. Photo evidence is attached.
World's first mobile phone: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (1983)
Today, Motorola is not a leader in the mobile industry, but it is the company that launched the world's first mobile phone. It turned out to be the DynaTAC 8000X model. The prototype of the device was shown in 1973, but commercial sales began only in 1983. The powerful DynaTAC weighed almost a kilogram, worked for an hour on a single battery charge and could store up to 30 phone numbers.
First car phone: Nokia Mobira Senator (1982)
In the early 1980s, the Nokia Mobira Senator became widely known. It was released in 1982 and was the first of its kind - it was designed for use in a car, while weighing about 10 kilograms.
Gorbachev spoke on it: Nokia Mobira Cityman 900 (1987)
In 1987, Nokia introduced the Mobira Cityman 900, the first device for NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) networks. The device became easily recognizable due to the fact that Mikhail Gorbachev used it to call from Helsinki to Moscow, and photographers did not ignore this. Nokia Mobira Cityman 900 weighed approximately 800 grams. The price was high - in terms of current money, its purchase would cost the Americans 6,635 dollars, and the Russians - 202,482 rubles.
First GSM phone: Nokia 101 (1992)
The Nokia phone, with the modest index 101, was the first commercially available device capable of operating on GSM networks. A monoblock with a monochrome screen had a retractable antenna and a book with 99 numbers. Unfortunately, it did not yet contain the well-known Nokia tune ringtone, as the composition appeared in the next model, released in 1994.
Touchscreen: IBM Simon Personal Communicator (1993)
One of the first attempts to create a communicator was a joint development of IBM and Bellsouth. The IBM Simon Personal Communicator phone was stripped of the keyboard, offering instead a touch screen with a stylus. For $899, buyers got a device that could make calls, fax, and store notes.
First flip phone: Motorola StarTAC (1996)
In 1996, Motorola confirmed its title of innovator by introducing the first flip phone, the StarTAC. The device was considered stylish and fashionable, it was compact not only for that time, but also in comparison with modern smartphones.
First smartphone: Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996)
The weight of the Nokia 9000 Communicator (397 grams) did not prevent the phone from becoming popular. The first smartphone was equipped with 8 MB of memory and monochrome screens. When opened to the user's gaze, a QWERTY keyboard was opened, making it easier to work with text.
Replacement panels: Nokia 5110 (1998)
In the late 1990s, companies realized that mobile phones were viewed by consumers not only as a means of communication, but also as accessories. In 1998, Nokia released the 5110, which supported interchangeable panels. The phone has become popular also thanks to the excellent assembly, good battery life. It featured the famous Snake game.
First camera phone: Sharp J-SH04 (2000)
Sharp J-SH04 was released in Japan in 2000. This is the world's first camera phone. The resolution of the camera today seems ridiculous - 0.1 megapixels, but then the J-SH04 seemed to be something incredible. After all, the phone could be used as a bad camera, but still.
Mail is Essential: RIM BlackBerry 5810 (2002)
RIM introduced its first BlackBerry in 2002. Prior to this, the Canadian manufacturer was engaged in the production of organizers. The main drawback of the BlackBerry 5810 was the lack of a microphone and speakers - a headset was required to talk on it.
PDA meets phone: Palm Treo 600 (2003)
Palm has long been considered the main manufacturer of PDAs (personal pocket computers) and in 2003 released the hugely successful Treo 600 model. Communicator with a QWERTY keyboard, color screen, 5-way navigation key was based on Palm OS 5.
Gaming phone: Nokia N-Gage (2003)
Nokia has made several attempts to capture the minds of mobile gamers and not all of them have been successful. The first truly gaming phone is called the Nokia N-Gage. It is similar in design to a portable console and was positioned as an alternative to the Nintendo Game Boy. On the front side there are gaming control keys, which few people found comfortable. The games themselves were recorded on MMC memory cards. The microphone and speaker in the N-Gage are located at the end, so all users looked like cheburashkas during conversations. There were a lot of minuses and the project failed.
O2 XDA II (2004)
O2, like Palm, was heavily involved in the PDA. In 2004, the XDA II model appeared, offering users a sliding QWERTY keyboard, office applications. The price then bit - 1,390 US dollars.
Blade thin: Motorola RAZR V3 (2004)
Motorola RAZR V3 is considered to be the best-selling clamshell. The model attracted attention with a slim and stylish design. The creators drew inspiration from the "old man" StarTAC and as a result released a device dressed in a case with aluminum inserts, with a VGA camera (0.3 MP), Bluetooth, GSM. After the light saw the improved RAZR V3x, RAZR V3i and RAZR V3xx with a better camera, 3G, microSD.
First phone with iTunes: Motorola ROKR E1 (2005)
In 2005, few could have imagined that Apple, which specializes in computers and music players, would venture into the mobile industry (and introduce the popular iPhone). The company entered into an agreement with Motorola, and as a result, the ROKR E1 was created - a device with support for the iTunes music library. The expectations of buyers were not justified - few people liked the candy bar with a Motorola design, a slow USB 1.1 interface, an outdated 0.3-megapixel camera and a song storage limit (100 pieces).
Motorola MOTOFONE F3 (2007)
The Motorola MOTOFONE F3 retailed for just $60. One of the most affordable devices on the market offered a display made using the technology of "electronic paper" (EPD, Electronic Paper Display). The advantages include low weight, small thickness.
Easy Finger Control: Apple iPhone (2007)
The first version of the Apple iPhone was originally released in the US in 2007. A touch phone with a 2-megapixel camera, a 3.5-inch touch screen, and a convenient finger-oriented interface supported only second-generation networks. The iPhone did not work with MMS and could not record video. In 2008, the iPhone 3G was released, and in 2009, the iPhone 3GS. The concept has not changed in three years - programs and a user-friendly interface are at the center.
Humans need constant communication. For the exchange of information and just for the soul. And it is not enough for him to communicate with people who are nearby. There is always something to say even to those who are on the next street, in another city or across the ocean. It has always been so. But only at the end of the nineteenth century did we have such an opportunity. In this article, we will trace the history of the appearance of the telephone, find out who invented the telephone and what difficulties scientists faced.
For many years there have been the most different ways transfer of information. Our ancestors sent letters with messengers and carrier pigeons, lit fires, and used the services of heralds.
In the 16th century, the Italian Giovanni della Porta invented the trumpet system, which were supposed to "permeate" all of Italy. This fantastic idea was not realized.
In 1837, American inventor Samuel Morse created an electric telegraph and developed a telegraphic alphabet, which was called " morse code».
In the 1850s, an unexpected discovery was made by the Italian Antonio Meucci, who lives in New York. Confident in the positive effect of electricity on human health, he built a generator and opened a private medical practice. Once, after connecting the wires to the patient's lips, Meucci went into a back room to turn on the generator. Once the device is working, the doctor heard the cry of the patient. It was so loud and clear, as if the poor man was right next to him.
Meucci began to experiment with the generator, and by the beginning of the 70s the drawings of the device were already ready. telephony". In 1871, the inventor tried to register his brainchild, but something prevented him. Either the Italian did not have enough money for the registration procedure at the patent office, or the papers were lost during the shipment, or perhaps they were stolen.
Who first invented the telephone and in what year
In 1861, German scientist Philip Rice invented a device that could transmit all sorts of sounds through a cable. This was the first telephone. (It is worth familiarizing yourself with that and its history of creation) Rice failed to register a patent for his invention, so he did not become as widely known as the American Alexander Bell.
On February 14, 1876, Bell took the application to the Patent Office in Washington to patent " A telegraph device that can be used to transmit human speech". Two hours later, Elisha Grey, an electrical engineer, showed up. Gray's invention was called "A device for transmitting and receiving vocal sounds by telegraph". He was denied a patent.
This device consisted of a wooden stand, an auditory tube, a battery (a vessel of acid) and wires. The inventor himself called it the gallows.
The first words spoken on the phone were: “Watson, this is Bell! If you can hear me, then go to the window and beckon with your hat.
In 1878, a series of lawsuits began in America against Alexander Bell. About thirty people tried to take away the laurels of the inventor from him. Six lawsuits were dismissed outright. The other inventors' claims were divided into 11 points and considered separately. On eight of these points, Bell's superiority was recognized, on the other three, the inventors Edison and McDonough won the court. Gray has not won a single case. Although a study of Bell's diaries and papers filed by Gray with the Patent Office many years later showed that the author of the invention is Gray.
Development and improvement of the phone
The further fate of Bell's invention was taken up by Thomas Edison. In 1878, he made some changes to the structure of the telephone: he introduced a carbon microphone and an induction coil into the circuit. Thanks to this modernization, the distance between the interlocutors could be significantly increased.
In the same year, the first telephone exchange in history opened in the small American town of New Chaven.
And in 1887, in Russia, the inventor K. A. Mostsitsky created a self-acting switch - the prototype of automatic telephone exchanges.
Who invented the mobile (cellular) telephone
It is generally accepted that the birthplace of the mobile phone is the United States. But first mobile telephone The device appeared in the Soviet Union. On November 4, 1957, radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich received a patent for " Device for calling and switching channels of radiotelephone communication". His radiotelephone could transmit sound signals to the base station. up to 25 kilometers. The device was a box with a disk for dialing, two toggle switches and a tube. He weighed half a kilo and worked up to 30 hours in standby mode.
The idea of creating cellular telephone communications appeared in 1946 from the American company AT&T Bell Labs. The company was engaged in the rental of car radios.
In parallel with AT & T Bell Labs, Motorola also conducted research. For about ten years, each of these companies sought to get ahead of the competitor. Motorola won.
In April 1973, one of the employees of this company, engineer Martin Cooper, "shared his joy" with colleagues from a competing company. He called the office of AT&T Bell Labs, invited the head of the research department, Joel Engel, to the phone and said that he was currently on one of the streets of New York and was talking on the world's first mobile phone. Cooper then went to a press conference dedicated to the miracle of technology, which he held in his hands.
Motorola's "firstborn" was named Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. He weighed about a kilogram, and reached a height of 25 cm.. The phone could work in talk mode for about 30 minutes, and charged for about 10 hours. And ten years later, in 1983, he finally went on sale. The novelty cost a lot of money - $ 3,500 - a little cheaper than a brand new car. But even so, there were plenty of potential buyers.
In 1992, Motorola released a mobile phone that could fit in the palm of your hand.
At the same time, the Finnish company Nokia introduced the first mass-produced GSM phone Nokia 1011.
In 1993, thanks to BellSouth / IBM, the first communicator appeared - a telephone connected to a PDA.
And 1996 is the year of the creation of the first clamshell phone. This is the merit of the same Motorola.
At this time, Nokia pleased the world with the first smartphone with an Intel 386 processor and a full QWERTY keyboard - Nokia 9000.
On average, a person makes almost one and a half thousand phone calls a year.
Who Invented the Touch Phone
The great-grandfather of the famous iPhone is IBM Simon, released in 1994. It was the world's first touchphone. Cost "Simon" a lot - $ 1090. But it was no longer just a phone. It combined the qualities of a telephone and a computer, and it could also be used as a pager or fax machine. It was equipped with a calculator, calendar, notepad, to-do list, a couple of games and even an email agent.
The device had a monochrome display with a resolution of 160 × 293 pixels with a diagonal of 4.7 inches. Instead of the usual keys, a virtual keyboard appeared. The battery lasted for an hour of talk time or 12 hours of standby time.
Too high a price did not allow the model to become popular among users, but it was "Simon" went down in history as the first touchphone.
In 2000, the world saw the first telephone, officially called smartphone Ericsson R380. The touch screen of the R380 was hidden under a hinged cover with conventional buttons. The screen was monochrome, with a diagonal of 3.5 inches and a resolution of 120 × 360.
The smartphone was based on the new Symbian OS for mobile devices. R380 supported WAP, browser, notepad, e-mail client, games were installed.
In 2007, IBM released the first phone with a sensor that responded to the touch of a finger rather than a stylus. It was LG KE850 Prada. This model is also remembered for its unusual design and wide functionality.
In the same year, Apple introduced its famous iPhone to the general public.