Criminal Procedure Code “Bakshtovsky d / s - School”
IT-teacher
Perluhin Valery Nikolaevich
The computer in the life of a student. Pros and cons
More recently, the computer was perceived as a curiosity. Today, a computer for home use is purchased very, very actively. And if children have reached adolescence, then, as a rule, it is they who initiate the acquisition of a computer. Therefore, parents whose children somehow encounter a computer should be clearly aware of all the pros and cons of using this smart machine.
A computer equipped with multimedia is capable of playing, recording and processing music and video with a fairly high quality, including from ordinary audio and video discs, receiving and recording radio and television programs, serving as an artist's easel and a composer's score sheet, and also working with photos. Modern programs allow a person who is completely unfamiliar with programming to do this.
Telephone, music and video center, typewriter, video set-top box, notebook, reference book, encyclopedia - this is only a small part of the functions that a computer is capable of performing.
However, perhaps the most important advantage of a modern computer is that it is a means of communication. By purchasing a modem and plugging the computer into a telephone socket, you can communicate with any other computer with a modem in any part of the world, exchange programs, texts or play online games and even talk "live" if you and your subscriber have a computer equipped with a microphone. You can use your computer as a fax machine and answering machine. Finally, the most colossal repository of information on Earth, the Internet, can open before you.
Arguments for using a computer
In the modern world, when technologies are developing at the speed of light, it is simply impossible to do without computer knowledge. And the sooner the child will have a computer literacy, the better. The information age we live in really requires new skills from children, such as the ability to receive, evaluate and interpret large amounts of data. And it is impossible to do all this without a computer assistant, which becomes the main means of obtaining information and communication?
Many scientists are sure that the computer is beneficial and only has a positive effect on the mental development of children, citing as an example the expanding capabilities of the computer for learning (including in the process of various games, for example, strategy games).
Moreover, with the help of computer technologies, and, first of all, the Internet, the distinction between the center and the province is removed - modern educational technologies, access to information becomes available to any user, regardless of whether he lives in Moscow, London or a small town .
A lot of special educational programs have been created and are being created - for preschoolers, schoolchildren, students. It has been noticed that many skills, such as counting, reading, reading geographical maps, with the help of a computer, children master faster, and often better than with conventional training. And this is a huge plus.
Modern children certainly communicate a lot with television, video and computers, mobile phones. If the previous generation was the generation of books, then the modern one is increasingly receiving information through the video series.
Let's see what are computer programs for children, what are their benefits, and what are their disadvantages. When using computer educational games, any child's fantasies, heroes of books and fairy tales come to life on the display screen. But objects of the surrounding world, numbers and letters also come to life. Getting into a computer educational game, they create a special world similar to the real one, but also different from it. Computer games are designed so that the child can imagine not a single concept or a specific situation, but get a generalized idea of all similar situations or objects. Thus, children develop such important operations of thinking as generalization and classification.
One of the most important functions of computer games is educational. In these games, the child masters the skills of counting, reading, drawing, designing in an accessible form. Not only psychologists, but also parents and educators who work with children on the computer have noticed that in the process of these activities, the memory and attention of children improve. And this is natural, since it corresponds to the laws of the mental development of children. Children's memory is involuntary, children remember only bright, emotional cases or details for them, and here again the computer is an indispensable assistant, as it makes the content of the material being digested meaningful and vivid, which not only speeds up its memorization, but also makes it more meaningful and long-term .
Computer games are of great importance not only for the development of the intellect of children, but also for the development of their motor skills, more precisely, for the formation of motor coordination.
Almost all parents know how difficult it can be to seat the baby for classes. On the computer, the child is engaged with pleasure, and will never object to the offer to work out on the computer. This is due to the fact that the computer itself is attractive to children like any new toy.
The fear that a child will spoil his eyesight is perhaps the most important fear of all parents. And, in general, it is justified. No wonder ophthalmologists sounded the alarm in connection with global computerization and even came up with a special term - "computer visual syndrome", which occurs in almost all users, both small and large.
Argument "against": uncomfortable posture.
Eye strain is not the only problem a user may face. Computer work forces your child to look at the screen for a long time and at the same time keep their hands on the keyboard or use the mouse. As a result, your child has to sit still for a long time, and this is fraught with pain in the muscles of the neck, back, joints of the hands, and headaches.
Argument "against": mental stress.
Psychologists say that the computer can cause long-term disorders in the field of mental and intellectual development of children. In the so-called computer generation, some types of memory work worse, emotional immaturity and irresponsibility are observed.
They have great difficulties in communication, are not self-confident, notorious and shy. At the same time, they cultivate in themselves imbalance, absent-mindedness, sloppiness, self-isolation, the loss of all familiar values, the loss of internal guidelines, and a disregard for loved ones.
Unfortunately, this is not a complete list of mental problems that arise in children from long-term communication with a computer. By affecting the emotional level of the child, this technical innovation can also cause the child to become more aggressive or even violent. In addition, children stop fantasizing, do not think for themselves.
Computer addiction is a problem with which they are trying to fight all over the world. Children and adults play computer and telephone games, visit Internet cafes, game clubs. The production of games for computers and mobile phones is a powerful industry, and, unfortunately, our children inevitably fall into its networks.
What is "gambling"? Gambling is a psychological dependence of a person on computer games (as well as on others), which affects his physical and mental health. Gamers are constantly in a state of anxiety, they are often aggressive, especially if something or someone prevents them from doing their “favorite” thing, that is, playing. When they win, they are in a state of euphoria, which very soon gives way to anxiety: they need to play again in order to get an energy “feed”. Gamers can spend all their free time at the computer (sometimes 10 hours a day), stop being interested in everything that is not related to the game. Because of this, relationships with relatives, friends, classmates, and colleagues begin to crumble. A teenager “leaves” into virtual, invented worlds, in which he himself is a fictional character. Why is gambling addiction formed? The first and necessary condition for the formation of any addiction is a feeling of inner anxiety and a feeling of dissatisfaction. There are two ways to get out of the state of anxiety: a person either becomes aggressive (for example, he can break objects, take out evil on strangers, up to crimes), or seeks to “leave”. And you can go into alcoholism, drug addiction, religious sects, finally, into the game ...
In a computer game, a person can both “splash out” his aggression on virtual characters and hide from a bleak reality for him. But where does the increased anxiety and dissatisfaction come from? Often the reason is problems in the family, misunderstanding between parents and the child, "abandonment" of children, excessive demands that adults make of them. The second condition for the formation of gambling addiction is pleasure. Whatever a person plays, in soldiers or "shooters", during the game there is an adrenaline rush. And if he also wins, the body produces hormones of joy - endorphins. You want to experience this feeling again and again, and for this you need to repeat the game. This is how addiction occurs...
But why do some people become gamers and others don't? It largely depends on the nature of the person. Teenagers with low self-esteem are more prone to computer addiction, who, through the game, seek to assert themselves: either win a huge amount of money, or feel like a victorious hero in a virtual battle. There is another factor that can give rise to gambling addiction - the degree of suggestibility of a teenager, in other words, his willingness to submit to someone else's will. Usually, teenagers who lack independence, who have difficulty in making decisions, are ready to obey a strong leader, get into the network of computer “shooters”. Cultivate independence in your child, a critical look at advertising slogans, encourage initiative in him. This is the best prevention of gambling addiction.
Another reason that leads teenagers to the computer world is problems in communicating with others. Children who face such problems try to compensate for the lack of real communication through correspondence on the Internet, communication in various forums, in chat rooms under an assumed name. Often teenagers even impersonate other people, model their own destiny. On the one hand, this is not bad, because the child tries to behave differently than usual, discovers new abilities in himself, which can be useful in real life. But, unfortunately, if a teenager devotes time only to virtual friends, this impoverishes his life even more and gradually leads to the loss of real relationships. In the "risk group" are those children who dream of becoming leaders, but never become leaders. It is they who can sit at the computer for days, imagining themselves the rulers of galaxies. They certainly need to be helped to realize their potential: to support any of their undertakings, to develop their talents and abilities.
Symptoms that indicate computer addiction
1. Most of the free time (6-10 hours a day) the child spends at the computer. He has practically no real friends, but a lot of virtual ones.
2. If the student reacts aggressively or becomes anxious to your prohibition to sit at the computer.
3. The child deceives you, skips school to sit at the computer, began to study worse, lost interest in school subjects.
4. During the game, the teenager starts talking to himself or to the characters in the game as if they were real. He becomes more aggressive.
5. A child who is addicted to playing or chatting on the Internet forgets about food and personal hygiene.
6. . The student has difficulty getting up in the morning, waking up in a depressed state. The mood rises only when the child sits down at the computer.
In order to prevent your child from getting into the sphere of computer games, communicate with your child “on the same wavelength”. From early childhood, make him your ally in family affairs. Discuss, and do not gloss over family problems. When talking with a child, ask for his opinion. Every day tell how your day went, ask what was interesting in his life. Be sure to allow your teenager to invite friends to the house, ask about how he communicates with his peers. Share your own childhood experiences to help him solve his problems. Remember that for a teenager it is very important how his closest people perceive him. This is the basis of self-esteem, and with this style of communication, it will remain adequate. Second, limit your time at the computer. Ophthalmologists believe that a child of 8-9 years old can spend at the computer a maximum of 40 minutes a day.
Experts have found that the most crucial period in the development of the human psyche is the age of three to five years. Try to protect your child from computer games at this age. Up to 7 years, you can play a computer for no more than 20 minutes a day, because at this age the child completely compares himself with a virtual image and is not ready to part with it.
How to control a child:
Quite often the question arises what kind of information the child received from the Internet and what he does on the computer. There are several simple control systems.
When the child is working, occasionally look at the contents of the screen. No matter how simple this advice is, many parents, leaving the child alone with the computer, completely forget about it.
If the child has become a separate user on the computer, look at what toys are on the desktop.
How to reduce the harmful factors of computer influence
The first and most important factor is eye strain. It is because of the load on vision that a child (or other user) develops a headache and dizziness after a short time. If you work on a computer long enough, then visual fatigue can lead to a steady decrease in visual acuity. However, I note right away that it is not the computer that is the main cause of the development of myopia in a child. A huge role in this is played by heredity, TV, reading in the dark. With proper formulation of the case, the load on vision from the computer can be significantly reduced.
1.1. First, image twitching due to the poor quality of the monitor scan is harmful.
1.2. The second most important factor in eye fatigue is the content of the image.
The easiest way for the eye to perceive is a static, large color image accompanied by sound. Worse perceived drawing on the computer. Here the sound no longer plays a distracting role, and the eye does all the work.
It is much harder for vision when the child (user) is forced to read text from the screen. Therefore, the Internet is a rather dangerous thing, because here you have to read a lot, and read quickly.
And finally, the real vision killers are games. A moving image, small elements - all this leads to such overwork, which is removed very slowly.
How dangerous is a computer to sight? When comparing it with a TV, it should be remembered that the resolution of a computer monitor and its quality are many times higher than the quality of a television tube. However, the display tends to be closer. And we can assume that the load on the eye from the monitor is comparable to the load from the TV. Therefore, the time spent at the computer and the time spent in front of the TV should be summed up.
The second most harmful factor affecting health when working with a computer is a cramped posture. When sitting at a computer, the child (or adult) must look at the screen from a certain distance and at the same time keep their hands on the keyboard or controls. This forces his body to take a certain position, and not change it until the end of the work. In this respect, the computer is much more dangerous than the TV, which allows you to move freely. Due to a cramped posture, the following disorders occur:
Labored breathing. This is the most insidious of all enemies. The forward elbows do not allow the chest to move freely, and this leads to asthma, the development of coughing fits and other manifestations.
The human body is not designed to spend long hours in a fixed position. Long periods of immobility reduce blood flow to the muscles. If this congestion occurs in the muscles of the shoulders, back, or neck, a headache can occur as the muscles transmit "discomfort signals" to the nerves of the sensitive tissues of the face, head, and scalp.
With prolonged sitting with lowered shoulders, a persistent change in the musculoskeletal system occurs, especially in young children. Sometimes there is a curvature of the spine.
There is a possibility of disease of the joints of the hands. When working at a computer, a person's hand is forced to make many small movements, gets very tired, and chronic diseases develop during prolonged work.
To help reduce the harmful effects of a cramped posture, one should sit in the most comfortable position in the most comfortable chair. Your back should remain level, your feet should be firmly planted on the floor, and your head should be kept straight and not protruding forward like a turtle peeking out of its shell. In addition, your chair should be firm, but provide sufficient support in the lumbar region. Therefore, the most important thing in reducing the load is the right furniture. And tables, and chairs, and other accessories should be specialized, and selected specifically for children.
A good chair takes half the load off. A special operator's chair on rollers, with an adjustable back, without armrests and rotating around its axis allows the child to change his posture during work. Children fidget with pleasure on such chairs, which means that their chest and spine work. The gas cartridge makes it possible to adjust the height strictly individually, and this also relieves fatigue.
The third most important factor is mental stress. A computer requires as much concentration as driving a car. Interesting games require a lot of tension, which is almost non-existent in normal conditions. This area is very little studied, since modern multimedia technology has appeared only recently. However, mental stress can be reduced.
First, you need to take breaks at work. At the lesson, the teacher monitors this; at home, you can install a timer program on your computer. Every 30 minutes - a break for 15 minutes, for an adult - 10 minutes. During the break, you need to do the exercises for vision and relaxation, described at the very end of the recommendations.
Secondly, you should carefully monitor the content of the games that the child plays and what sites he visits. Although the idea that the most harmful thing in a computer is radiation is rooted in the public mind, in fact, the impact on the child's psyche can be much more serious.
It follows from what has been read that the safe duration of a child's work at a computer depends on many circumstances. With a well-equipped workplace and the right choice of occupation, the time for safe work can be significantly extended. Conversely, if the workplace is poorly organized, even generally accepted norms can be harmful to health.
In this way:
To reduce eye fatigue:
use a good monotor, take into account its position and distance from the eyes to the display (45-60 cm);
to get rid of glare on the screen from additional light sources, they should only be used to illuminate documents. Natural light should fall from the side (left).
time of continuous work with the monitor: for an adult - 2 hours; for a child - 30 minutes; break - at least 15 minutes
limiting the time of playing games and surfing the Internet (the most harmful for vision);
2. Reduced physical fatigue (cramped posture):
a special computer chair on a gas cartridge, without armrests;
a special computer desk with a pull-out board for the keyboard.
3. Reduced mental stress:
limiting the time of shooting games and browsing the Internet;
regular breaks of 15 minutes every 30 minutes.
Also, do not forget about the ventilation of the room where the computer is located.
What to do - to protect your child from the modern miracle of technology or not? The question, of course, is complex, but quite solvable. A computer, like any household item, can be both useful and harmful to a child. But the same can be said about almost any other thing, even the most seemingly harmless children's toy. You just need to know the measure in everything, as well as follow simple but effective recommendations.
It has been many years since computers first came into our lives. But even today their popularity is still growing. The market is full of new and improved models. There are big personal computers with large storage. There are laptops which can be handy during business trips and important meetings. There are tablets which are quite small and very easy to use.
Computers are used for a wide range of purposes from storage of confidential information, reading books and watching movies to ordinary Internet surfing. In addition to that, computers are used in a wide range of industries. Doctors use computers to perform difficult operations, pilots use computers to operate airplanes. Computers are also used to launch space ships.
I have a laptop. I use it to prepare different reports, essays and presentations. I often use it to go online and look for the information I need. I also use it for studying. For example, at the moment I am doing an online course. It is a Photoshop course which is specially designed for beginners. They teach us what the software is about and how to use it.
Apart from a laptop I also have a tablet. So, even when I am away I can still contact my friends, read books and check my email. I can also take pictures using my tablet or connect to Wi-Fi. I have my profile on social networks, just like most of other people. With the help of the computer and Internet I can get in touch with those of my friends who live far away.
It is difficult to imagine our life without computers. There are people who think that influence of computers on our life is destructive because people are now living in their own virtual world. However, without computers and Internet we wouldn’t have an opportunity to stay in touch with those who are far away – parents, partners or childhood friends. We wouldn’t have access to a lot of resources which can help us study, gain new knowledge and improve our skills. We should remember about these opportunities as we only have them because we have computers.
Many years have passed since computers first appeared in our lives. But even today their popularity is still growing. The market is full of new and improved models. There are large personal computers with large memory. There are laptops that are convenient to use during business trips and important meetings. There are tablets that are small enough and easy to use.
The use of computers is very wide, ranging from keeping secret information, reading books and watching movies, and ending with a simple search for information on the Internet. In addition, computers are used in various areas of production. Doctors use computers to perform complex operations, pilots use computers to fly planes. Computers are also used to launch spacecraft.
I have a laptop. I use it to prepare various reports, abstracts and presentations. I often use it to go online and look for the necessary information there. I also use it to study. For example, I am currently taking an online course. This is a Photoshop course specially designed for beginners. We are taught what the program is and how to use it.
In addition to a laptop, I have a tablet. This way, even when I'm away from home, I can still connect with friends, read books, and check my email. With the tablet, I can also take photos and connect to Wi-Fi. I have a page in in social networks like most people do. With the help of a computer and the Internet, I can get in touch with those friends who live far away.
It is difficult to imagine our life without computers. There are people who believe that the influence of computers on our lives is destructive, because now people live in their own virtual world. However, without computers and the Internet, we would not be able to keep in touch with those who are far away - parents, partners and childhood friends. We would not have access to the wealth of resources that help us learn, acquire new knowledge and improve our skills. We must keep these possibilities in mind, because we only have them because we have computers.
Parent meeting
"Computer - for and against"
Hello, dear parents - "hello" we repeat this greeting every day. Have you ever wondered why people wish each other good health when they meet? Probably because health is the most important value for a person. Unfortunately, we usually start talking about health when we lose it.
I suggest you familiarize yourself with the following sad statistics.
1. Now in Russia, practically no healthy children are born. For every 1,000 babies born, up to 900 have some kind of birth defect. Among the first-graders of recent years, 90-95% are already burdened with a "bouquet" of chronic diseases, and how many more will be added in 11 school years!
2. All-Russian clinical examination, during which 30 million children were examined, gave alarming results: only 33% of children are healthy, 51% have deviations in health, and 16% have chronic pathologies.
It is no secret that the state of health is strongly influenced by many factors: lifestyle, heredity, as well as many achievements of civilization, including universal computerization.
In the modern world it is difficult to find a child who is not interested in a computer. It's probably just as hard to find a parent who isn't bothered by their child's overindulgence in computer games.Of course, computers are now used in various fields of science, technology, art, so the ability to handle it has become necessary for the child to master any serious profession in the future, to become a sought-after specialist in the labor market.
But, sitting for hours at the monitor, the child not only ruins his health, but also misses the chance to chat with friends, go in for sports.
So what should a caring parent do?
allow or forbidspend time at the computer?
Today you will learn about the benefits and harms of working at a computer, information on the prevention of computer addiction, as well as how to protect the health of your child.
Disputes regarding the benefits and harms of the computer are conducted at all social levels, scientists are conducting research on the impact of the computer on humans, children argue with their parents, parents with teachers, and so on.
You can’t help but notice a huge number of positive aspects of your child’s communication with a computer:
1. It helps to reveal and develop the child's abilities.
2. Is a great way to self-study.
3. Develops independent thinking.
4. Increases concentration.
5. Teaches the child to quickly switch from one activity to another.
There are many computer-based learning programs available to help your children learn with passion.
WHAT IS BAD THEN?
The bad thing is that if the regime is not followed, the computer turns from friend into enemy. We must not forget that everything is good in moderation. Good wonderful games, so useful for children, can become harmful for them.
What are the main, harmful factors that affect a person during prolonged communication with a computer?
Sitting position for a long time;
Electromagnetic radiation;
Overloading of the joints of the hands;
Stress at information loss.
Let's consider these factors separately.
Sitting position
The person at the computer sits in a relaxed position, however, due to static nature, it is forced and unpleasant: the muscles of the neck, head, arms, and back are tense. The result of muscle tension can be osteochondrosis, and in children - scoliosis. To reduce this harmful effect, it is necessary to get up every hour from the computer and do a set of exercises.
Electromagnetic radiation
The question of the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body is complex, thousands of scientific papers have been devoted to it. The results indicate the harmful effects of this radiation on the human body. Of course, modern monitors have become much safer for health than ten-year-old kinescopes, but they are not able to fully protect a person. What causes electromagnetic radiation? Scientists believe that the most minimal impact is a general decrease in human immunity, and it becomes vulnerable to harmful viruses and bacteria.
Overloading of the joints of the hands
In the fingers, due to constant blows to the keys, there is a feeling of weakness, numbness and "goosebumps" in the pads. This can lead to damage to the articular and ligamentous apparatus of the hand, and in the future, hand diseases can become chronic. So that long-term work on the computer does not lead to the occurrence of CTS, it is enough to take short breaks every hour, during which to perform a set of exercises for the hands.
The human visual system is poorly adapted to viewing images on a monitor screen. The eyes react to the smallest vibration of a text or picture, and even more so to the flickering of the screen. Eye overload leads to loss of visual acuity. This is due to the fact that the image on the screen does not consist of continuous lines, as on paper, but of separate luminous and flickering dots. As a result, the eyes begin to water, there is a headache, double vision and other disorders. This phenomenon is called "computer vision syndrome". Following the basic rules of visual hygiene will help to avoid it.
Comfortable workplace.
Workplace should be sufficiently illuminated, the light field is evenly distributed over the entire area of the desktop. The computer must be equipped with a good monitor with the correct settings. It is necessary to do gymnastics for the eyes every half an hour.
Stress when information is lost
Not all users regularly make backup copies of important information. But viruses do not sleep, and the hard drives of the best companies can break down, and you can accidentally press the wrong button. And as a result, stress caused by the loss of important information.
I conducted a survey among students to investigate how they work at the computer and whether it is dangerous for their health, 82 students took part in the survey.
The results of the survey of school students.
According to the results of the survey, it turned out that 96% of students have a computer at home.
- Do you have a computer at home?
- Yes - 96% (79 people)
- No - 4% (3 people)
It is considered normal if a student spends at the computer 3 hours a day. Among the participants of the survey, they spend daily at the computer:
- How much time per day do you spend on average at the computer?
- Not more than an hour - 14%
- From 1 to 3 hours - 32%
- More than 3 hours - 41%
- All free time from studies - 13%
- What role does the Internet play in your life?
- I use it as needed (to perform specific tasks) - 24%
- I like to “walk” on the pages of the Internet when I have a rest - 25%
- I often look for information and communicate - 39%
- I can't imagine life without him - 12%
- What are you most interested in (what do you prefer
- Computer - 22%
- Reading a book - 10%
- Walk in the fresh air - 39%
- Direct "live" communication with a friend - 29%
- Do your eyes get tired when working with a computer?
- No - 74%
- Yes - 26%
- slide 8. What kind of activity do you do at the computer? From the options provided, select one or more of the options that account for most of the time spent at the computer.
- Prepare for lessons, look for "educational" information (material for reports, abstracts, presentations, etc.) - 63%
- Searching the Internet for "extracurricular" information (music, images, interesting videos, horoscopes, weather forecasts, etc.) - 42%
- Communicate (on-line, via e-mail, on forums, etc.) - 40%
- Watch movies, read e-books, listen to music - 32%
- Playing computer games - 40%
Most schoolchildren do not know the rules of working at the computer, they do not take enough care of their health, spending too much time at the computer. Which can lead to various diseases, including mental ones.
Computer addiction is a problem with which they are trying to fight all over the world.
Let's see what kind of computer dependencies there are.
Let's start with computer games.
Specialists distinguish the following types of computer games:
- games like "kill them all";
- games - adventures;
- strategic games in which you need to make decisions;
- educational games;
- educational games;
- diagnostic games;
- graphic, associated with drawing, designing.
Let's look at the disadvantages of computer games. You see them on the screen.
Gambling addiction - This is a psychological dependence of a person on computer games, which affects his physical and mental health.
So why are children so attracted to computer games? Can they be helpful?
Let's look at the reasons for the passion for computer games.
1. A child deprived of parental attention
2. Inability to cope with difficulties on their own
3. Parents in communication with the child are not aware of his growing up
4. Low self-esteem, dependence on the opinions of others
5. Attracts a fictional world
6. Errors can always be fixed by restarting the computer
7. Identification with the main characters
8. Everything happens at the request of a teenager (“I am the ruler”)
9. Computer as a communication partner
There are gambling addiction syndromes. If you notice such actions on the part of your child, it means that he is addicted to the computer.(Parents read the text from the slide)
- Most of the time (6-10 hours a day) the child spends at the computer
- He has almost no real friends
- If the student reacts aggressively or becomes anxious to your prohibition to sit at the computer
- The child deceives you, skips school to sit at the computer, began to study worse, lost interest in school subjects.
If you have not found such signs, this is good, but any prevention is better than cure. Therefore, you must follow some rules:
1. Communicate with your child "on the same wavelength."
From early childhood, make him your ally in family affairs. When talking with a child, ask for his opinion. Every day tell how your day went, ask what was interesting in his life.
Be sure to allow your teenager to invite friends to the house, ask about how he communicates with his peers. Share your own childhood experiences to help him solve his problems.
Remember that for a teenager it is very important how his closest people perceive him. This is the basis of self-esteem.
2. Limit the amount of time your child spends at the computer.
Ophthalmologists believe that a child aged 7-12 can sit at a computer for 2-3 hours, but not at night.
After 12 years, a less dangerous period begins.
But it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of each child. But the main thing - do not let your child play the computer 1.5-2 hours before bedtime and at night.
3. The computer is good!
Keep track of what games your child is playing. Try to keep games that develop logical thinking in your home computer. If you notice that the child starts talking to the characters in the games, forbid him to use the computer!
If you find signs of gambling addiction in your child, then you should contact a psychologist.
It should be said that along with the disadvantages of computer games, there are also advantages. So let's see. (Parents read the text from the slide)
Computer games teach:
- achieve your goal;
- improve intellectual skills;
- classify and generalize;
- think analytically
"Good" games perform a number of functions that positively affect the student.
1. Among modern gaming programs, there are a lot of developing ones.
2. The usual activity on the computer is perceived by the child as a game.
3. Independent work at the computer contributes to the development of the child's small muscles of the hand and hand-eye coordination.
4. Computer games contribute to the development of abstract thinking in children.
And now we will analyze the concept of "Setegolism"
Some people have the Internet installed on their computers at home, and almost every child has it on a mobile phone.
Networkaholics are people who are addicted to the Internet. They need to be online again and again, and they can easily spend 12-14 hours knocking, continuously downloading music, programs, chatting and forums. They make endless virtual acquaintances, without trying to transfer them to reality.
In addition to the main signs of computer addiction, networkaholics show additional symptoms:
An obsessive desire to constantly check e-mail;
Looking forward to the next online session;
Increase in time spent online;
Increasing the amount of money spent online.
According to statistics, networkaholics are no more than 3-5% of the total number of Internet users.
Memo to parents
Parents themselves should be able to use a computer at least at an elementary level in order to control the child.
The child should not play computer games before going to bed;
If a child uses the computer irresponsibly, a password must be entered to prevent access without parental permission.
Attach to household duties;
Cultivate family reading;
Do not allow access to the Internet uncontrolled;
Do not forget that parents are role models, so do not break the rules that you set for the child yourself.
Now that we have considered all the main "pluses" and "cons" of using a computer, it is probably clear that the computer is turning from a "mechanical enemy" into a friend helping to solve various problems of education, upbringing, development of our child, but subject to all the recommendations about which I spoke.
Class hour: "Computer in the life of a student: pros and cons"
Goals:
1. Introduce the history of computers.
2. Discuss with the children the benefits of using computers in people's lives and the harm to health.
3. Introduce techniques that restore the body after working with a computer.
4. Development of thinking, memory, attention.
Equipment:
1. Computer.
2. Presentation.
3. Memos for children "Protect your eyesight", "Gymnastics for the eyes", prepared using a computer.
The structure of the health lesson:
1. Organizational moment.
2. The history of the origin of the computer.
3. "Discussion swing".
6. Workplace equipment.
7. Acquaintance with the "golden rules" of working with a computer.
8. Conclusions.
Used Books:
1. Zhuikov E. A., Leonova L. N. "Schoolchild at the computer" Moscow 2007;
2. ;
3. ;
5. .
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment.
Teacher: The computer has firmly entered the life of modern people. But many scientists "trumpet" about its harm to health. Today, at the health lesson, we must decide for ourselves: is the computer our friend or foe?
2. "The history of the origin of the computer."
During the story, the teacher shows the slides.
Slide 2: From the moment of appearance on Earth, man has still been forced to constantly count. The inhabitant of the Stone Age managed with the simplest calculations. How to split a dead mammoth? How many roots to stock up for the winter? Did the primitive man have a personal computer? Yes, each of us always has it at hand! These are ten fingers. And when they are not enough, then the toes. Counting on fingers is simple and convenient. Only the results of calculations are difficult to store. And then there were lines on the walls of the caves, notches on the shafts of spears, knots on the ropes, pebbles, bones.
Slide 3: The first counting device of antiquity was the abacus, translated as "dust" or "fine sand".
On a special board, pebbles were laid out in a certain order and, so that they would not roll, they sprinkled the board with sand. The famous ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras considered counting on the abacus obligatory for mathematicians.
Slide 4: Gradually, "computers" improved.
The bones for counting were strung on threads. The resulting "beads" were pulled onto a frame. Got the bills. Only on modern accounts, which are sometimes used now, are metal knitting needles.
Slide 5: In the 17th century, the remarkable French scientist Pascal invented the first calculating machine, which was called an adding machine. She performed any arithmetic operations. One of the copies of this machine was presented to the Russian Tsar Peter the Great by the great mathematician Leibniz. Multiplication in it was carried out by repeated addition, division by repeated subtraction. It was a great invention for its time. The main drawback of the adding machine - to move the wheels, set numbers, remember intermediate results - all this had to be done by a person.
Slide 6: In the 20th century, the mechanical adding machine could no longer keep up. Where is the exit? Electrical energy is what helped create completely new computing machines. So it's time for the computer. The word "computer" comes from a Latin word meaning "to count, calculate". They counted 1000 times faster than mechanical calculating machines.
Slide 7: But how huge computers were! The rooms in which they were housed looked like gigantic halls filled with white cabinets. Several tens of thousands of vacuum tubes processed a huge number of digits. But the lamps were replaced by transistors, and computers became the size of a room. And today's personal computers with microcircuits are easy to place on a desk and even in a trouser pocket. The first personal computers appeared in 1976 in the USA.
Teacher: Undoubtedly, the computer has greatly facilitated people's lives. Here and now during
the story of the guys we used the computer. It was very comfortable and spectacular. But
listen to the guys who just got sick thanks to the computer.
3. "Discussion swing".
The class is divided into two teams. Team captains are given cards with the words: "for" or "against".
Team members stand against each other, throw a large inflatable ball, depicting a "swing" and call the words "for" and "against". Two trained students are entered into a table on a computer, and the results are shown on the screen.
Arguments "For" using a computer:
Material in preparation for lessons
Tutorials
Composition of music, poetry
Mail, Internet communication
Library at home
medical examination
Games
Shopping, information on the Internet
Chess games
Drawing, etc.
"Against"
Visual impairment
Postural curvature
Avoidance of live communication
Not familiar with the real library
Harmful radiation
Lots of aggressive games
Misinformation
Errors in calculations
Machine failure, etc.
Teacher: What conclusions can be drawn from this table?
Children's opinions are heard.
Teacher: That's right, our life cannot be imagined without a computer.
Today, in a health lesson, we will discuss in more detail the three lines of the table: damage to vision, curvature of posture and fear of live communication.
4. Acquaintance with exercises for vision.
Children are handed out the Memo "Gymnastics for the eyes."
a) Blink quickly, close your eyes and sit quietly, slowly counting to 5. (Repeat 4-5 times).
c) Look at the index finger of the outstretched hand, at the expense of 1-4, then look away at the expense of 1-6. (4–5 times)
d) At an average pace, do 3-4 circular movements with the eyes to the right side, the same amount to the left side. After relaxing the eye muscles, look into the distance at the expense of 1-6. (1-2 times)
e) Sitting at the table, relax and slowly move your eyes from left to right. Then right to left. Repeat 3 times on each side.
e) Slowly look up and down, then vice versa. (3 times)
5. Introduction to posture exercises.
Computer exercises
a) Raise your right hand and lock it behind your back, bend back. Change hands.
b) Clasp your hands in front of you and stretch forward. Then spread your arms to the sides, relax.
c) Raise your arms up, bend at the elbows and massage between the shoulder blades with your fingers.
d) Perform tilts to the right and left, putting your hands on your belt.
e) Lean your back against the back of the chair, clasp your hands from below (behind the back of the chair) and pull your shoulders back.
e) Head tilts forward - backward, right - left.
g) Slow rotation of the head to the right and left sides.
6. Workplace equipment.
Furniture should be appropriate for the height of the child.
The chair must have a solid back.
The child should sit at the monitor at a distance of at least 50 - 70 cm.
The table on which the monitor stands should be placed in a well-lit place, but so that there are no glare on the screen.
To humidify the air in the room, it is recommended to put an aquarium.
7. "Golden rules" when working at a computer.
So, we sat down to work at the computer. Modern monitors have become safer for health. But... even the most modern equipment will not help to avoid diseases if used incorrectly.
But there is an informal “Code of Golden Rules” that will help prevent diseases and get the most out of working at a computer.
You need to make a reservation right away that these rules will not help if you do not follow them in the system for all family members.
By following the simple tips of the instructions for proper landing at the computer, you can prevent the appearance and development of health disorders.
Rule one: before working at the computer, be sure to do a warm-up. The warm-up can be general, dance, for the eyes. It is not difficult to learn warm-ups, it is more difficult to control their independent application.
Rule two: when you work, sit relaxed.
Rule three: change your position more often, take a break from work. The time frame for working at the computer varies depending on the age of the child. In addition, from sitting at the computer for a long time, the so-called chest syndrome occurs.
Rule four: fingers should be light and relaxed. So that prolonged work on the computer does not lead to the appearance of the disease, it is enough to follow simple recommendations for organizing the workplace and work schedule, in particular, take short breaks during which you perform a set of exercises for the hands.
Rule five: take care of your eyesight when working at a computer. Visual impairment in children increases from 4% in the 1st grade to 25% at the exit from school. This phenomenon is called "computer vision syndrome". The workplace should be adequately lit. You need a good monitor, its correct settings and the use of high-quality programs. Special nutrition for the eyes. Gymnastics, warm-ups for the eyes.
Rule six: finished the lesson - do a warm-up.
8. Conclusions.
Teacher: The health lesson is coming to an end. Our "Debating Seesaw" will soon stop. What conclusions did you guys draw for yourself?
Children throw the ball to each other in a circle and say one short sentence each:
The computer is essential in modern life.
Care must be taken when handling it.
Be sure to take care of your eyesight.
You need to be "friends" with the computer, but don't forget about your friends.
Don't forget about posture exercises when working on the computer, etc.
Teacher: That's right, the computer makes our life easier, and not only by helping children study. It provides invaluable assistance in medicine, literature, art. Without it, modern life is hard to imagine. Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to live in harmony with him. Today we got acquainted with the simplest exercises that help maintain and strengthen health when working on a personal computer.
Self-analysis of educational activities
The topic of the educational event was chosen and proposed by the student-trainee and agreed with the class teacher during the period of practice from 11.02.2013. on 6.04.2013. in MOU secondary school No. 4, Rtishchevo. It was this topic that seemed to us the most suitable for students in grade 5, because it more fully shows the place of the computer in the life of a student. This topic is fully consistent with the interests and level of development of the class team, as well as the age and individual characteristics of students.
The objectives of the educational event are formulated clearly and concisely. They are fully consistent with the general concept, goals and objectives of the plan of educational work of the school and the plan of educational work of class teachers, in view of the fact that in this school and in this class.
2.1. The implementation of the educational goals of the event was successful. The educational value of the event is undeniable. During the event, such components of the personal culture of the individual as: personality development, culture of behavior, culture of communication, tact, culture of expressing thoughts and emotions, respect for work, collectivism are formed.
2.2. The implementation of the development goals of the event was successful. The development of thinking, attention, memory, perception of students was ensured, speech activity and the development of the creative forces and abilities of the individual were ensured.
2.3. The implementation of the educational goals of the event was successful. There was a systematization and generalization of knowledge already known to students. They received new knowledge about the dangers and benefits of using a computer in everyday life.
The choice of the content of the educational event was fully justified. I think that the degree of novelty of the material was at an acceptable level. And although there was not quite a lot of new material, its relevance and attractiveness for schoolchildren is undeniable. The student-trainee used additional methodological literature in preparation, and also used the Internet.
During the preparatory phase, the activities of the organizer were efficient and orderly. In preparation for the lesson, only a student-trainee was involved, who, however, managed to arouse students' interest in the preparatory period, understanding the significance of the upcoming work, and also form a positive attitude towards it.
The practical implementation of the lesson was successful. The timely (planned) start of all stages of this event was ensured. The time allotted for its implementation was used as rationally as possible.
The methodology is traditional. Collective work was combined with individual work (although there was relatively less individual work), the students showed activity and emotionality during this lesson, the guys worked very well, the interaction between them was successful.
The effectiveness of this lesson is, in my opinion, at a high level. The set goals were achieved quite successfully. The relationship between students and trainee students that arose during the lesson can be considered trusting.
I think that the communicative and organizational literacy of the student manifested itself at a high level during this event. I managed to organize and set up active work and open communication of all students. The children actively answered the questions of the teacher, everyone wanted to make a personal opinion when answering the questions asked.
During the lesson, no significant shortcomings were identified.
Opportunities
A child can learn to read and count, gain skills in learning foreign languages by watching educational cartoons and programs. If there are real abilities for drawing, music or anything else, then it is much easier to find a use for them in the computer world.
Computer games
They help in the development of memory and attention, logical thinking, teach the child to analyze their actions, develop imagination and creativity. Computer games are of great importance not only for the development of intelligence, but also for the development of their motor skills.
Workplace organization
The order on the table is facilitated by its correct filling with the necessary attributes. There should not be any trinkets and unnecessary used pieces of paper in the form of "origami" on the table. And finally, the most important enemy is dust. It should not be on the table or on the monitor screen.
But there are many arguments against
Eye strain
The fear that a child will spoil his eyesight is perhaps the most important fear of all parents. No wonder ophthalmologists sounded the alarm in connection with global computerization and even came up with a special term - "computer visual syndrome", which occurs in almost all users, both young and adults.
Bad posture
Working at the computer forces the child to look at the screen for a long time and at the same time keep his hands on the keyboard or work with the mouse. As a result, you have to sit still for a long time, and this is fraught with pain in the muscles of the neck, back, joints of the hands, headaches, and impaired posture.
Mental load
The computer can cause long-term disorders in the field of mental development of children. For many, some types of memory work worse, emotional immaturity, irresponsibility are observed. There are also great difficulties in communication, self-doubt appears. At the same time, children cultivate in themselves imbalance, absent-mindedness, slovenliness, and a disregard for their loved ones.
Computer addiction (gambling)
The problem with which they are trying to fight all over the world. Children and adults play computer games, visit Internet cafes, game clubs. The production of games for computers is a powerful industry, and, unfortunately, children inevitably fall into its networks. Gambling addiction is a psychological dependence of a person on computer games, which affects his physical and mental health.
Symptoms that indicate computer addiction
1. Most of the free time (6-10 hours a day) the child spends at the computer. He has practically no real friends, but a lot of virtual ones.
2. The student reacts aggressively to the parental prohibition to sit at the computer or becomes anxious.
3. The child cheats, skips school to sit at the computer, began to study worse, lost interest in school subjects.
4. During the game, the teenager starts talking to himself or to the characters in the game as if they were real. He becomes more aggressive.
5. A child who is addicted to playing or communicating on the Internet forgets about food and personal hygiene.
6. The student has difficulty getting up in the morning, waking up in a depressed state. The mood rises only when the child sits down at the computer
What to do - to protect the child from the modern miracle of technology or not? The question, of course, is complex, but quite solvable. A computer, like any household item, can be both useful and harmful to a child. You just need to know the measure in everything, as well as follow simple but effective recommendations.
And most importantly: the computer in the life of a child should not play a dominant role in comparison with other activities and, moreover, be detrimental to health.