Before mobile phones became popular in the 1990s, walkie-talkies were the most efficient way to exchange information over short and medium ranges. They are still widely used by police officers, the military, organizers of public events and travelers. Each user of this unusual device should be able to use it correctly and know how to set up the radio.
The history of the creation of the radio
In 1937, Canadian scientist Donald Hings (1907-2004) invented a radio station, originally called a two-way radio. Around the same time, the American inventor Alfred Gross (1918-2000) patented his invention. Both inventions were developed for military use during World War II. Inventors continued to work on improving their models all their lives.
Gross is credited with inventing pagers, which were a popular method of communication before mobile phones became mainstream. Hings has developed numerous improvements to radio, radar, magnetic terrestrial, surveying, and air pollution measurement equipment. In total, he has 39 different inventions patented in the United States.
Construction of a wireless intercom
Walkie-talkies are portable radio receivers that communicate wirelessly using radio waves of the same frequency range. Each battery pack contains a transmitter/receiver and an antenna for sending and receiving radio waves, a loudspeaker and a microphone. When users talk on the radio, they use the Push-to Talk (PTT) button.
The loudspeaker/microphone works in the same way as an intercom as it contains the same components (spool of wire, magnet and paper or plastic cone to pick up or generate sounds). It is possible to use one device to perform these two tasks by switching the electrical circuit and reversing the current. More sophisticated walkie-talkies, such as the Motorola model, contain separate speakers and microphones.
The use of a walkie-talkie
A group of people who use walkie-talkies to communicate with each other must tune in to the same frequency channel. When someone wants to talk to another person, they hold the Push-to-Talk button on their device. In the radio, the loudspeaker will switch to the microphone. When users enter into a dialogue, their words are converted into radio waves and transmitted over a predetermined channel (usually at a frequency of about 460 MHz).
Because radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s or 186,000 miles per second), so the waves are instantly captured by others. mobile phones. Radio waves are converted back into electrical currents and loudspeakers use them to reproduce the sound of the speaker's voice. When the conversation is over, the Push-to-Talk button is released. The radio switches back to listening mode. Unlike a conventional radio, a walkie-talkie is a two-way radio, this must be understood before setting up the walkie-talkie.
Communication devices are divided into:
- Half duplex, when there is one channel. Communication only takes place in one direction.
- Full duplex. You can talk and listen at the same time.
Advantages and disadvantages of a walkie-talkie
Advantages:
- Outdoor radios are durable and easy to use.
- Useful in places where cell phone network coverage is poor or unavailable, such as during natural disasters or emergencies.
- Useful in situations where many people need to listen and only one needs to speak.
- They are light in weight (only 100-200 g), work at a decent distance and area, usually 5-10 square kilometers.
- Have a long time battery life, 20 hours on 3-4 rechargeable or alkaline batteries.
- Multichannel usually have multiple channels, from 8 to 25 or more, so they can be easily switched to a different frequency if other people are using walkie-talkies nearby.
- Some walkie-talkies can also be used as intercoms.
Flaws:
- Most inexpensive walkie-talkies are susceptible to interference and are relatively easy to listen to, more expensive digital devices bypass this negative interference. So far, only military radios use strong encryption to overcome eavesdropping.
- Not designed for longer range communications, which would require something like a CB radio or mobile phone.
Design features
- Antenna: Sends and receives radio waves.
- LCD display: shows channel number, remaining battery life, etc.
- Monitor: Switches the radio to monitor mode so it can be used as a listening device or gaming monitor.
- Menu selection buttons (marked with plus and minus symbols). Menu button: Used to change functions and settings. Can also be used to lock the keypad to prevent accidental channel or other settings changes when the radio is in your pocket.
- Speaker.
- Push-to-Talk (PTT) button.
- On/off and volume control.
- An LED indicator shows when the channels are busy.
- Microphone.
- Transmit Tone: Sends tones to other radios on the same channel, alerting them that the user wants to talk.
Radio configuration software
With an available NOAA weather channel, this CB radio can get updates as the weather changes, a colorful display that provides a high level of visibility with seven-color backlighting. Reading and adjusting Bearcat settings is very simple, so the driver can better focus on the road.
Tune reception to a wave of truckers
Only the right antenna system will ensure maximum power transfer from the 50 ohm transmission line to the radiating element. Uniden has all the features you need to know before setting up a radio for truckers and choosing the right antenna for the real world. Conventional type antenna can be used for car installation.
Setting order:
- Connecting the power cords to the auxiliary igniter terminal.
- Install the transceiver in any negative ground 12V motor. With a negative ground system, the negative (-) battery terminal is usually connected to the car's engine block.
- Connect the red DC power cord from the transceiver to the positive (+) battery terminal or other convenient location.
- Connect the black power cord to the vehicle chassis or to the negative (-) battery terminal.
Radio check:
- Press MENU/OK to activate the menu.
- Turn the channel selector until DIAG is displayed.
- Press MENU/OK to move to the DIAG level. From the DIAG level, you can check battery power levels, antenna match, and RF power levels to further tune your radio's frequencies.
Uniden is aimed at the experienced driver, given the user manual that will explain in detail all the functions of the CB radio. Another amazing thing is the inclusion of a cable adapter that helps you connect microphones from other brands. The only small complaint about this walkie-talkie is the relatively large size.
Radio Operating Instructions "Transport-RV-1.1M"
1.Basic technical data.
1.1. The radio provides simultaneous operation
1) in simplex mode on any of the 6 channels in any one of the preset 8 frequency groups in the range VHF from 151.725 to 156.000 MHz; minimum spacing between adjacent channels 25 kHz.
2) In simplex mode in the range HF on any of the frequencies 2,130 or 2.150 MHz.
1.2. The radio station provides long-term operation in the "Duty reception" and "Reception" modes, with a one-minute automatic limitation of the duration of the "Transmit" mode when the PTT is pressed once.
1.2. Transmitter carrier power (TX) to load 50 ohm. For ranges : HF 8-15W. VHF 6-10 W.
1.3. PRD frequency deviation. For ranges: HF from 1,5 before 2,5 kHz. VHF from 3 before 4.9 kHz.
1.4. Deviation of the frequency of the TX from the nominal value:
In the range KV, no more - 50 millionths (=106.5Hz.)
In the range vhf, no more - 10 millionths (=1500Hz.)
1.5. Rx sensitivity for ranges : KV, no more 5uV. VHF, no more 0.5 μV.
1.6. PRM output power: to the loudspeaker, not less than 3W. On phones, no less 1mW.
1.7. The power consumed by the radio station, not more than:
In mode "Duty reception" - 45W.
In mode "Reception" - 55W.
In mode "Transmission" in one range - 100W.
In mode "Transmission" simultaneously in two ranges - 160W.
2. Brief description of the radio station.
2.1. The radio station contains the following main parts: a radio equipment cabinet containing a HF transceiver (PPK), a VHF transceiver (PPU), an automation unit (BA), and 2 power supplies (BPL), or (BPV); antenna-matching device (ANSU); control panel (PU-LP) 1 or 2; additional control panel (PU-D) 1 or 2; loudspeaker (GG) 1 or 2; handsets (MT) 2 or 4; distribution boxes (KR) 2 or 1; antenna.
3. General instructions.
3.1. To ensure reliable communication and increase the service life of radio stations, the following rules must be observed:
2) do not turn on the radio station for transmission with the antenna turned off or closed;
3) periodically check the operability of the radio station and the condition of the antenna-feeder devices;
ATTENTION! Turn off the radio when starting the engine.
3. Security measures.
3.1. To ensure the safety of those working with the radio station, when preparing it for operation, operation and maintenance, the following safety measures must be observed:
1) ensure reliable electrical contact between the HOUSING terminal and grounding;
3) do not touch the antenna with your hands, and do not mount, dismantle or move it when the PRD is on.
4. Preparation for work.
4.1. General instructions. Before turning on the radio for the first time, check that all cables and antennas are properly and securely connected. The toggle switches on the power supply units must be turned on, the RADIO STATION toggle switch in the locomotive control cabin must be turned off. Suppressor of impulse noise PPK must be included on electrified sections of railways. Noise suppressors must be turned on. The sensitivity control of the PPK receiver must be set to a position that ensures reliable signal reception at any point in the control area. Install the handsets into the handset holder so that the part of the handset containing the telephone is opposite the inscription DR of the handset holder. If the microtelephone is installed by turning it 180 degrees relative to the above position, then when the MT is installed in the handset holder, the channel will be listened to (the open channel mode is implemented).
4.2. Turn on the radio. Turn on the RADIO STATION toggle switch in the locomotive control cabin, controlling the power on by the glow of the indicators on the power units. On the PU-LP remote control, from which work is to be carried out, press the red remote control button “(I)”, located on the right under the cover. At the same time, the blocking of another PU-LP (if any) is automatically ensured until the first one is turned on. The standby mode indication will be displayed on the panel of the remote control: on the first familiarity, the number of the working channel of the HF band; on the eighth familiarity, the number of the working group of frequencies of the VHF - range; at 11 ... 13 familiarity abbreviated code name of the communication system: SRS - station radio communication; RRS - train radio communication; at 17 ... 20 familiarity, the train number stored in the radio station's memory is displayed. In case of inoperability of the automation unit, “BA?” is displayed on the right side of the remote control indicator. (This inscription appears when there is no information received from the BA for more than 2 s.)
4.3. Setting the train number. On the remote control PU - LP on the keyboard of limited access, press the buttons in sequence F and No. p. In this case, the display will show the inscription “NP - XXXX”, where NP means the phrase: “Train number”, and XXXX is the train number. If necessary, press the number keys to change the value of the train number. Complete the set by pressing the confirmation button (PDTV), which has an engraving. In this case, the new number will be written into the memory and after 1 - 2 s the indication on the display will be replaced by the standby mode indication. If after 60s from the moment of the last pressing of the “F” button or buttons with numbers the PDTV button is not pressed, the radio will automatically switch to standby mode and the train number will not be modified.
4.4. Locomotive number entry. The number of the locomotive is recorded in the memory of the radio station in the depot when the radio station is installed on a locomotive or multiple unit train and is stored during the entire period of operation of the radio station on this mobile object. On the remote control PU - LP dial F15 PDTV. In this case, the display will show the inscription: “F - ZAP. ROM”, which means the inclusion of the mode of recording data in the memory of the radio station. Then dial F2972 and complete the set by pressing the button PDTV, while the indication will change to “LL - XXXXXXX”, where LL means the phrase: “Locomotive number”, and XXXXXXX is the 7 least significant digits of the locomotive number stored in memory. In this case, the most significant digit of the locomotive number, equal to 1, is not displayed. If necessary, by pressing the numeric keys, change the value of the locomotive number. Complete the set by pressing the PDTV button, while the new number will be stored in the memory and after 1 - 2s, the indication on the display will change to the standby mode indication. If the number has not changed, then to switch to the standby mode, press the "F" button, then "#". If after 60s from the moment of the last pressing of the "F" button or buttons with numbers, the PDTV button is not pressed or "F #" is not dialed, the radio will automatically switch to standby mode, and the number will not be modified.
4.5. Setting the operating frequency group. To set the number of the operating frequency group, press the button "MS" on the remote control PU - LP. One press increases the group number by 1. If the eighth group of frequencies is displayed, then pressing the “MF” button leads to the transition to the first group of frequencies.
4.6. Setting the "SRS / PRS" mode. On the remote control PU - LP dial F VSP, in this case, a change in the mode of the communication system will occur (transition to another frequency grid of the VHF band). At the same time, in standby mode, the indication of the SRS on the PU - LP corresponds to the operation at the frequencies of the station radio communication, the RRS - at the frequencies of the train radio communication. If a new replacement is required, dial F VSP again on the remote control.
4.7. Recording an arbitrary VHF frequency grid. On the remote control PU - LP dial F15, ending the dialing by pressing the button PDTV. In this case, the display will show the inscription: “F - ZAP. ROM”, which means the inclusion of the recording mode in the memory of the radio station. Next, dial F0246, also completing the set by pressing the button PDTV. After the appearance on the scoreboard of the inscription G? TO? GR.(1 - 8) - ? , in which Г means the frequency group number, K is the channel number, GR (1-8) is the frequency group and its possible values, dial the frequency group number by pressing one of the buttons with a number from 1 to 8. When the indication Гx К? KN.(1 - 6) - ? (where x is the entered value of the frequency group, KN (1 - 6) is the channel and its possible values) dial the channel number by pressing one of the buttons with a number from 1 to 6. After dialing the channel, the indication Гx Кy К-0XXX appears, where x - group number
y is the dialed channel number, XXX is the absolute number of the TX channel according to the application. If necessary, press the number keys to change the channel number XXX. End dialing by pressing the PDTV button, and the new number will be stored in memory. After recording the TX channel number in the memory, the inscription Gx Ky K-0XXX Rx will appear, where x and y are the dialed numbers of the group and channel, XXX is the absolute number of the Rx channel in accordance with the application, Rx is the receiver (an inscription indicating an invitation to record the number frequency channel reception). To work in a single-frequency simplex, you must press the PDTV button. To work in a two-frequency simplex, dial the absolute number of the receiving channel XXX in accordance with the application, and press the TDTV button. Enter the next channel numbers of the set frequency group in the same way. After recording the last channel of the set frequency group, it automatically switches to the next frequency group and its first channel. If review or correction is completed, then type F# to switch to standby mode.
4.8.Setting the working channel of the HF band. On the keyboard of the PU - LP remote control, press the "1K / 2K" button. Each press of this button causes the channel number of the HF band to change from 1 to 2 or from 2 to 1 in turn. The number of the working channel of the HF is displayed on the first familiarity of the scoreboard.
4.9.Setting the channel on duty prima in the VHF band. Setting the standby reception channel in the mode PRS produce at the push of a button GSP on the keyboard of the remote control PU - LP. Each press of the button leads to alternate switching from the main channel (1k) to the auxiliary (6k) and vice versa. If the main channel is on, then on the panel of the remote control after the designation of the communication system (PRS) there will be a space, if auxiliary, then the letter B.
4.10. Setting up an antenna-matching device. To set up the AnSU, a special mode is provided that ensures the transfer of the radio station from the PU - LP control panel to the transmission mode for 10 minutes. In this case, the transmitter operates at a frequency of 2140 kHz, i.e. at the middle of the operating frequencies used (2130 and 2150 kHz). This allows you to exclude the adjustment of the AnSU when changing the working channel. AnSU tuning is carried out roughly according to the magnitude of the current in the antenna and exactly according to the minimum SWR value using an indicator device. Coarse adjustment of the current in the antenna is recommended to be carried out in two stages:
Tuning at reduced power transmission;
Tincture at rated power of the PRD,
and then fine-tune the SWR value.
To configure the AnSU at reduced power on the PU - LP, dial T5, PDTV. When an inscription appears: "AFU DOWN POWER" The APC will turn on for 10 minutes to transmit
To set the AnSU at full power, dial T6, PDTV. When an inscription appears: "AFU FULL POWER" The APC will turn on for 10 minutes to transmit.
Before setting, fulfill the following conditions:
a) install:
Toggle switch S13 to position "I ant";
Toggle switch S8 to position "1A";
Switches S1-S7 to the left position;
Switches S9-S12 to the right position;
b) turn on the transmitter;
c) set the transmitter low power mode.
Setting up the antenna circuit must begin with establishing a connection with the transmitter, close to the minimum. To do this, move the switches S1 and S2 to the right. At the same time, to the central vein coaxial cable capacitors are connected. C1-C10 with a total capacity of 6200 pf. (the cable is shunted with a large capacitance, which ensures a weak connection of the transmitter with the antenna circuit).
Then proceed to tune the antenna circuit. Using the tuning capacitor C28 and the capacitors Sant, connected by moving S9 - S12 to the left, the adjustment is made according to the maximum deviation of the arrow of the indicator device. First, the rotor of the trimmer capacitor is set to the middle between the screwed and inverted positions. Turn on S9 and observe the position of the arrow of the device. If the arrow has deviated, then rotate the rotor of the tuning capacitor with a screwdriver with an insulated handle, achieving the maximum deviation of the arrow. If the maximum deviation is reached with the fully screwed rotor C28, then turn on S10, or S11 and S12, combining Sant capacitors.
If the maximum deviation of the arrow is reached with the C28 rotor turned out, then the additional capacitors are turned off by the switches.
The antenna circuit will be tuned to resonance if the maximum deviation of the instrument pointer is reached at an intermediate position of the trimmer rotor.
Having finished tuning the antenna circuit to resonance, they begin to select the magnitude of the connection, for which one of the switches S1 or S2 is turned off and connected in series
S3 - S7, achieving an increase in the readings of the device. After that, tune the antenna circuit using the tuning capacitor C28.
Turn on the transmitter at full power and use a trimmer capacitor to achieve maximum current in the antenna. When the indicator arrow goes off scale, it is necessary to switch the S8 switch to the “3A” position.
Move the switch S13 to the "SWR" position and use the trimmer capacitor to achieve the minimum reading of the device.
After completing the settings, set the S8 toggle switch to the “3A” position, and the S13 toggle switch to the “Iant” position and turn off the transmitter.
The transmitter is turned off automatically after 10 minutes or by pressing the # button. If necessary, to switch to standby mode, turn off and then turn on the power to the PU-LP.
4.11. Checking the operation of the radio station in the "Test 1" mode. On the keyboard, type T0001 and press the button PDTV. The indicator displays the following information. The first five character spaces are reserved for indicating the symbol of the current checked block and the result of its check. When the test is started, the symbol “_” (underscore) is displayed on each of these familiarity.
The distribution of familiarity is as follows:
the first familiarity is power supplies;
the second familiarity is the control panel (PU-LP);
the third familiarity is the automation unit;
fourth familiarity - VHF transceiver;
the fifth familiarity is the HF transceiver.
The fact of testing a block is provided by replacing the symbol “_” with “!” on the familiarity corresponding to this block. If the test result is positive, the symbol "!" is replaced by a "+" sign in the corresponding familiarity. With a negative result on the fault number. Fault numbers are shown in the table. When the inscription "CHECK LF" appears, if the operator presses the PTT switch removed from the MT holder, connected to the PU-LP or PU-D, then the self-listening mode is organized.
The time of complete passage of the "Test" mode is 25 - 30s.
At the end of the test, an inscription is displayed "R/S-NORMA" or "R/S-BRAK".
5. Order of work.
5.1. Work from the PU-LP remote control in the HF band in telephone mode.
To switch to the HF band, remove the microtelephone from the handset holder, and the message “PROM” will appear on the display on the left side, to switch to the HF band, press one of the call buttons on the left side of the remote control, which belongs to the HF band, when At the same time, the abbreviated designation of the subscriber corresponding to the pressed button is displayed on the left side of the display. The radio station starts receiving in the HF band, a radio channel is heard in the microtelephone and loudspeaker. On the leftmost familiarity of the scoreboard, the number of the working HF channel is displayed. If you need to switch the channel, press the "1K / 2K" button. If the channel is not busy, press the called party button to make a call. The display will display the subscriber's abbreviated name and the transmission symbol "*". The call is transmitted to the radio channel. The duration of the call is determined by the duration of pressing the call button and is equal to at least 2s. The transfer of a call is controlled by the presence of an audible tone in the loudspeaker. At the end of the call transfer, press the PTT to transmit speech, release the PTT to receive.
When a group call is received, the inscription “CALL” is displayed on the left side of the display and the call tone is heard. The radio station is switched to the PRM mode for 15 seconds, providing listening to voice information. Confirm call acceptance in one of the following ways: by removing the microtelephone from the handset holder, by pressing any (one) call button of the HF range or the PDTV button once. If after 15s the call has not been acknowledged, but the message continues to be received (there is a carrier), then the radio station remains in the PRM mode until the carrier is removed, but not more than 30s (if the BA fails after 15s).
If during the HF communication a VHF call comes in, then make a decision within 15 seconds: to continue negotiations in HF, press the "#" button, thereby refusing the call in VHF, or confirm reception and subsequent work in VHF by pressing the PDTV button. In this case, communication with the HF subscriber will be interrupted.
If there is no control of the TX modes, the radio station will automatically switch to the standby reception mode after 105 - 120 s.
5.2.Work from the remote control PU-LP VHF band in telephone mode.
A) Work in the PRS mode. In the PRS mode, the PU-LP buttons of the VHF band work in accordance with the table. 1 Appendix 3. To switch to reception on the desired channel, the corresponding call button is pressed. The radio station remains on the channel set in accordance with the "CHANNEL" column of this table until the transition to standby mode. In standby mode, the radio can only be on one of the two channels (main or sub).
Remove the microtelephone from the handset holder, and the inscription “PR” will appear on the display on the left side. To switch to VHF, press one of the call buttons on the keypad that belongs to VHF once. The abbreviated name of the subscriber corresponding to the pressed button will be displayed in the right part of the display. Listen to the channel and determine its employment. If the channel is not busy, press the same button again. In this case, the transmission symbol will be displayed on the display and the radio station will transfer the call to the radio channel. The duration of the transmission is determined by the duration of pressing the call button and is equal to at least 2 s. The transfer of a call is controlled by the presence of an audible tone in the loudspeaker.
When a group call is received, the inscription “CALL” is displayed on the right side of the display and the call tone is heard. The radio station is switched to the PRM mode for 15 seconds, providing listening to voice information. Confirm the receipt of the call in one of the following ways: by removing the microtelephone from the handset holder, by pressing any (one) VHF call button or PDTV button once. If after 15s the call has not been acknowledged, but the message continues to be received (there is a carrier), then the radio station remains in the “PR” mode until the carrier is removed, but not more than 30s. If during communication in VHF a call comes in HF, then make a decision within 15 seconds: to continue negotiations in VHF, press the "#" button, thereby refusing the call in HF, or confirm reception and subsequent work in HF by pressing the PDTV button. In this case, communication with the VHF subscriber will be interrupted.
When the radio is in the "PR" mode for more than 105-120s, the radio automatically switches to standby reception.
B) Work in the CPC mode. The transition to the CPC mode is carried out by pressing the F VSP buttons. To set the desired channel, remove the PU-LP microtelephone from the handset holder and briefly press the button of the desired channel (the first channel corresponds to the button with the engraved number 1, the second - 2, etc.). When the button is pressed, “KNAL-X” is displayed, where X is a number from 1 to 6, equal to the number of the installed channel. Listen to the channel and determine its busyness. If the channel is not busy, press the desired call button (button 7 corresponds to sending a frequency of 700Hz, 8 - 1000Hz, 9 - 1400Hz, 0 - 2100Hz).
In CPC mode, when returning to standby mode, the radio is set to the first channel (the VSP button does not work).
5.3.Work from the remote control PU-D in the HF band in telephone mode. To switch to the HF range, remove the microtelephone from the tube holder, while the PRM indication will appear on the left side of the PU-LP panel, the HF indicator on the PU-D turns on, the radio station is set to receive in the HF band. If the radio station is in standby mode with the microphone removed, then to switch to the HF band, press any button of this band, while the HF band indicator should light up. When a call is received, the band indicator on which the call is received lights up. Further work is carried out in the same way as when working from the PU-LP remote control.
5.4.Work from the remote control PU-D in VHF in telephone mode.
BUT). Work in mode PRS. Remove the microtelephone from the PU-D handset holder. To switch to VHF, press the call button once keyboards PU-D, which refers to VHF. At the same time, the indicator of this range should light up. Listen to the channel and determine its busyness. If the channel is not busy, press the same button again. Call transfer is monitored by the presence of an audible tone in the loudspeaker. When a call is received, the band indicator on which the call is received lights up. Confirmation or rejection of a call is made in the same way as when working from the PU-LP remote control.
B). Work in mode SRS. In CPC mode, the buttons on the VHF keyboard of the additional remote control control PU-D have the following functions:
DNC - listening / transferring a call with a frequency of 700 Hz;
TFM - listening / transferring a call with a frequency of 1000 Hz;
DSP - listening / transferring a call with a frequency of 14000 Hz. On the channel that is set on the remote control PU-LP. To transfer a specific call from the CP-D, you must press the corresponding button twice.
5.5. Work on an arbitrary channel of the VHF range. Set the PRS mode. On PU-LP press the button CAN and when the inscription "K-000" appears, dial the absolute number of the channel in accordance with the application. Complete the set by pressing the button PDTV, and the inscription "K! XXX" will appear, where XXX is the absolute number of the channel.
To transfer a call, press the subscriber's call button in the VHF band on the PU-LP or PU-D remote control. Pressing the subscriber's call button will correspond to the transmission on the established absolute channel, and the call frequency in accordance with tab. 1 application. When receiving a call, confirm the reception by pressing the PDTV button. To end work on an arbitrary channel, press the "#" button on the PU-LP remote control. If negotiations are underway in VHF and a call is received in HF, then make a decision within 15 seconds: to continue negotiations in VHF, press the "#" button, thereby rejecting the call in HF, or confirm reception and subsequent work in HF by pressing the PDTV button. In this case, communication in VHF will be interrupted.
5.6. Simultaneous operation from the remote control PU-LP and PU-D. If you are working with the remote control PU-LP or PU-D in one range and the radio station received a call in another range, then the received signal is heard in the loudspeaker. Acknowledge the call on a free remote control using any of the following methods:
by pressing the PDTV button;
removing the tube from the tube holder, if it was installed in it;
by pressing any call button of the range in which the call is received.
To refuse negotiations on an incoming call, press the "#" button on the free remote control or install the microtelephone in the handset holder of the free remote control, if it was removed.
If calls are received in two ranges, then confirm the receipt of the call you are interested in by pressing any call button of this range once.
During a call transfer to HF, call transfer to VHF is blocked.
If negotiations are being conducted in VHF from the PU-LP remote control or from the PU-D remote control, then it is possible to turn on the conversational circuits of another (free) remote control and also negotiate with the same subscriber. To do this, on a free remote control, you must briefly press the call button in the VHF band with the same name of the subscriber with whom you are communicating. Then negotiate in simplex mode. If another button in VHF is pressed on a free remote control, the radio station will switch to reception on the corresponding frequency, and conversations with the subscriber will be interrupted.
If negotiations are conducted in HF, then it is also possible to turn on the conversational circuits of another (free) remote control and also negotiate with the same subscriber. To do this, on a free remote control, briefly press any call button to the HF band.
With simultaneous communication with PU-LP and PU-D in different ranges, the loudspeaker is connected to the HF. When the connection in HF is terminated and the connection in VHF is continued after switching from the "Transmit" mode to the "Receive" mode, the loudspeaker will connect to the VHF receiver.
At the end of negotiations with the remote control PU-D, to turn off the conversational circuits, press the "#" button on it.
5.7.Volume control. The volume is adjusted for the loudspeaker only. Set the volume level using the smooth control of the working remote control PU-LP. Please note that the volume level automatically increases with the increase in the level of ambient noise in the range from 50 to 200 Hz.
5.8.Management of illumination of control panels. To turn on the illumination of the remote control keyboard and the PU-LP indicator board, press the backlight button located on the PU-LP. To turn off the backlight, press the backlight button again.
5.9.Service communication between PU-LP panels. Service communication is used for negotiations between operators located in different cabins of the locomotive. To turn on the intercom mode, press the SS button on one of the PU-LP remotes. At the same time, the PU-LP remote control that is not turned on will automatically turn on, the inscription “CALL COMMUNICATION” will appear on the display of each of the remote controls. Keeping the CC button pressed, negotiate in simplex mode. Releasing the button automatically returns the radio to standby mode.
I got into the clutches of the BAOFENG UV-5R radio. A good toy, with good parameters for receiving and transmitting. Able to work in two bands: VHF and UHF. It is also possible to quickly switch between two channels and alternately monitor two frequencies. There is a channel scan function. Allows manual input of the operating frequency from the keyboard (VFO) and selection from a list of preset channels (MR). Able to work on reception and transmission at different frequencies (mainly required to work with a repeater). In general, everything that a walkie-talkie should be able to do, it can. As a bonus, there is an FM radio and an LED flashlight.
The control buttons are intuitive, but if the owners of these walkie-talkies come here, I will analyze the functions of the buttons and give a description of the menu in Russian. Suddenly, I forgot and I myself will turn here for a hint. An extra cheat sheet won't hurt. My radio has firmware (BFB297).
Button | Function |
---|---|
Front side | |
VFO/MR | Switching between programmed channels and manual frequency entry. |
A/B | Switch between two channels. There are two lines on the display with two entered frequencies and this button allows you to quickly switch between them. |
BAND | Switching between VHF and UHF frequency modes. |
MENU | Menu entry. |
Arrows | Menu navigation and scrolling through channels or frequencies. |
EXIT | Exit the menu. |
Numbers | Used to enter a frequency or to quickly access menu functions (described below). |
Side | |
CALL | Activate FM Radio and Call. Pressing this button once turns on the FM radio. A long press on this button turns on the call like an alarm on cars. The signal type can be set in the settings. Used to send a distress signal. |
PTT | Button to switch the radio to transmit mode. |
MON | Pressing this button once turns on the LED flashlight. The second single press turns on the LED flashlight in the flickering mode (used to give a signal). The third single press of the button turns off the flashlight. If the button is held for a long time, the radio will switch to the monitoring mode of the selected frequency, in which case the noise suppressor will be removed and the radio will receive all interference at the selected frequency (it helps to hear speech that is covered by interference). The squelch will be released as long as the MON button is pressed. |
Upper side | |
Knob | Vernier to turn on the radio and adjust the volume of the received signal. |
Settings
On the top side of the walkie-talkie there is an LED flashlight, and on the front side there is an LED indicator showing that the walkie-talkie is in receive (green), transmit (red) or standby (off) mode. On the second side there is a cap for connecting a headset. The indication on the LCD screen of the radio is also clear, but let's take it all in order.
Indicator stitch | |
---|---|
Antenna | Displayed if the transmission is on or the noise reduction is turned off. |
L | Operation at reduced power (adjustable through the menu). By default, the walkie-talkie runs at high power, some people think that when you turn on high power, the letter will be displayed H, but it's not. Only low power mode is displayed, and high power is considered standard. The power can be quickly switched by pressing the hash (key) symbol on the numeric keypad once. |
S | The scan function between two channels is activated. The radio takes turns listening to one channel, then another channel. If a signal appears on one of them, the scan stops. Parallel listening to two channels is not possible! |
VOX | PTT voice control is enabled. If you start talking into the radio, it will automatically switch to transmission mode. The trigger volume can be adjusted. |
+ or - | Positive or negative shift of the receive and transmit frequencies. Necessary for work through a repeater. |
R | Channel reverse mode is on. It is very convenient for testing walkie-talkies when they act as an imitation of a repeater, or for communicating bypassing the repeater with a walkie-talkie configured to work with a repeater. |
N | A narrow band of the modulation frequency (narrowband) is set. |
Key | Blocking pressing buttons on the front side. The CALL, PTT and MON buttons continue to respond to pressing. |
First line | |
Up arrow | Indicates that frequency A is selected as the current frequency. |
First frequency (A) | The frequency with which the radio operates when frequency A is selected. In the example, 434.325 MHz. |
Second line | |
Arrow to down | Indicates that frequency B is selected as the current frequency. |
First frequency (B) | The frequency with which the radio operates when frequency B is selected. In the example, 145.125 MHz. |
General values | |
CT | Receive CTCSS mode is enabled. If the icon lights up while transmitting, the CTCSS mode is enabled only while transmitting. |
DCS | DCS mode enabled. |
75/25 | Frequency substep, when working with step 6.25. |
It seems to be all, you are unlikely to encounter other values.
So, now it remains to deal with the menu and then you can think about a cheat sheet with repeater settings.
To enter the menu, press the MENU button. And then you can scroll through the parameters with arrows, or enter their number from the keyboard. This model has only forty-one settings, some of the settings are service ones.
0 | SQL (Squelch Level) 0-9 | Squelch. Level 0 means it's off; and at 9 it opens only with a very high quality and strong signal. It is selected empirically and it is optimal for me to set 3. |
---|---|---|
1 | STEP (Frequency step) 2.5/5/6.25/10/12.5/25kHz | Frequency synthesizer tuning step. Professional radios have a step of 25 kHz. Even when manually entering a frequency, it can only be entered in multiples of the STEP value. |
2 | TXP (Transmit Power) HIGH/LOW | Transmitter power high/low. When set to low power, the indicator will turn on on the screen L. |
3 | SAVE (Battery save) OFF/1/2/3/4 | The degree of battery saving. OFF - the economy mode is disabled, 4 - the most economical mode. Optimal - 3, but much depends on the conditions of use of the radio. |
4 | VOX (Voice Operated transmission) OFF/O-1O | PTT voice control mode. OFF - disabled. The higher the number, the louder you have to shout to trigger. |
5 | W/N (Wideband/narrowband) WIDE/NARR | Receiver bandwidth and transmitter deviation 5kHz/2.5kHz. The narrow bandwidth allows you to work every 12.5 kHz without interfering with each other. If you use WIDE, then the walkie-talkies will work through 25kHz. The default is WIDE. |
6 | ABR (Display illumination) OFF/l/2/3/4/5 | Screen backlight timeout (in seconds). |
7 | TDR (Dual watch/dual reception) OFF/ON | Double scan. Two frequencies are scanned in turn. Simultaneous scanning is not possible! |
8 | BEEP (Keypad beep) OFF/ON | Sound accompaniment of pressed keys. I prefer to turn it off so as not to be distracted. |
9 | TOT (Transmission timer) 15/30/45/60.../585/600 | Forced shutdown of the transmitter. Values are set in seconds. Helps to avoid overheating of the radio when using low-quality antennas. |
10 | R-DCS (Reception Digital Coded Squelch) OFF/D023N...D754I | Digital subtone at which the radio's squelch will open. Allows you not to respond to the transmission of radio stations that do not use the desired subtone. |
11 | R-CTS (Reception Continuous Tone Coded Squelch) 67.0Hz...254.1Hz | An analog subtone at which the radio's squelch will open. Allows you not to respond to the transmission of radio stations that do not use the desired subtone. |
12 | T-DCS (Transmission Digital Coded Squelch) OFF/D023N...D754I | A digital tone transmitted by a walkie-talkie to open the squelch on the receiving side. |
13 | T-CTS (Transmission Continuous Tone Coded Squelch) 67.0Hz...254.1Hz | The analog subtone transmitted by the radio to open the squelch on the receiving side. |
14 | VOICE (Voice prompt) OFF/CHI/ENG | Voice accompanying keystrokes. Chinese or English can be selected. |
15 | ANI (Automatic Number Identification) | This is the code transmitted at the beginning of the broadcast. Can only be changed from a computer. |
16 | DTMF ST (The DTMF tone of transmitting code) OFF/DT-ST/ANI-ST/DT+ANI | DTMF tone. Disabled by default. |
17 | S-CODE (Signal code) 1,...,15 groups | The parameter can only be changed from the computer. |
18 | SC-REV (Scan REsume method) TO/CO/SE | Frequency scanning method in search of a signal. TO is all channels in memory, CO is the entire range, and SE is part of the range. Scanning is sequential, if there is a signal at some frequency or channel, then scanning will be stopped. |
19 | PTT-ID (press or release the PTT button to transmit the signal code) OFF/BOT/EOT/BOTH | Transmission of ID when pressing PTT. BOT - Transmit ID when PTT is pressed, EOT - Transmit ID when PTT is released, BOTH - Transmit ID when PTT is pressed and PTT is released. |
20 | PTT-LT (delay the signal code sending) 0,...,30 | Delay when releasing PTT, the parameter is set in seconds. |
21 | MDF-A (A channel displays) FREQ/CH/NAME | Frequency display method in channel mode, on the first line. FREQ - frequency, CH - channel number and NAME - channel name (a name can only be assigned to a channel by editing from a computer). |
22 | MDF-B (B channel displays) FREQ/CH/NAME | Frequency display method in channel mode, on the second line. FREQ - frequency, CH - channel number and NAME - channel name (a name can only be assigned to a channel by editing from a computer). |
23 | BCL (Busy Channel Lockout) OFF/ON | Blocking signal transmission in channels using CTCS or DCS. |
24 | AUTOLK (keypad locked automatically) OFF/ON | Automatic keypad lock. |
25 | SFT-D (direction of frequency shift) OFF/+/- | Frequency shift method. |
26 | OFFSET (frequency shift) 00.000...69.990 | Offset frequency. This is the value by which the carrier frequency will be shifted. As a standard, repeaters are set to an offset of 0.600, but there are also 1.850 offsets. |
27 | MEMCH | Save channel to memory. |
28 | DELCH | Delete channel from memory. |
29 | WT LED | Screen color in standby mode. |
30 | RX LED | Screen color in receive mode. |
31 | TX LED | Screen color in transfer mode. |
32 | AL-MOD (alarm mode) SITE/TONE/CODE | The mode of operation of the alert code. It works if you hold down the CALL button. |
33 | BAND (band selection) VHF/UHF | Select VHF or UHF band. |
34 | TX-AB (transmitting selection while in dual watch/reception) OFF/A/B | Transmit restriction for frequencies. If you select OFF, you can transmit on frequency A and B. If you select A, you can only transmit on frequency A. If you select B, you can only transmit on frequency B. |
35 | STE (Tail Tone Elimination) OFF/ON | Tone to turn on/off the end of the radio station's transmission. When working through a repeater, this function must be disabled. |
36 | RP_STE | |
37 | RPT_R | |
38 | PONMGS (Boot display) FULL/MGS | Welcome screen as a message or as included segments. |
39 | ROGER (tone end of transmission) ON/OFF | Transmission completion signal. |
40 | RESET (Restore to default setting) | Reset radio settings to factory settings. |
By the way, the standard antenna is enough for FM radio with very high quality. In those places where there is a lot of interference, this radio cuts off hiss and extraneous noise well.