Debian is one of the oldest and most stable Linux distributions. It is developed by a huge community of developers and contains only the most stable and proven packages. Debian development began in 1993. Its founder is Jan Murdoch. Now the operating system supports more than ten architectures and contains more than thirty-seven thousand packages. Debian is used for both servers and home computers. The current version of Debian is 8.5 Jessie. The transition to the 8.0 branch took place on April 25, 2015. The last corrective release of 8.5 took place quite recently - on July 4, 2016.
This article will cover the installation of Debian 8.5 Jessie on a PC or laptop. We will take a very detailed, step-by-step look at how to install the most latest version this wonderful operating system on your computer.
Installing Debian 8.5
Let's start with the preparation and smoothly move on to the process of installing the system itself.
Step 1: Download the image
You can download the Debian 8.5 installation image from the official website.
There are two image options here. small installation image - a small image, most packages will be downloaded from the internet during installation and a complete installation image - a DVD image containing all the necessary software. You can download the image directly or use torrents.
On the download page, just select desired file, for a complete installation set, DVD1 contains the main installation package, while DVD2 and DVD3 contain additional software.
Step 2. Write the image to media
You can write debian 8.5 to a flash drive using any program. For example, unetbootin or the console utility dd:
On Windows, it's convenient to use rufus for the same task:
Installing Debian 8 from a flash drive is the same as installing from a disk. To burn debian to disk, you can use utilities such as k3b and Brasero on Linux and UltraISO on Windows.
Step 3Setting up the BIOS
After the image capture is complete, restart your computer and enter the BIOS setup by pressing F8, Del, F2, or Shift+F2 before the operating system starts loading.
In the menu that opens, go to the Boot tab and in the item Boot Device Priority or 1st boot device choose your carrier:
Step 4. Starting the installation
After exiting the BIOS menu, the installation disk will boot. Select the second item to launch the graphical installer graphic install:
Step 5. Selecting a language
Select installer language:
Step 6 Location
Choose your location:
Step 7 Keyboard Layout
Select keyboard layout:
Step 8. Initialization
Wait for the installation media to initialize:
Step 9Computer Name
Enter computer name:
Step 10. Domain Name
Used to connect computers to a network. If installing at home, you can write local:
Step 11Superuser Password
Enter the superuser password:
Step 12. Username
Enter your full name, will be displayed in the system settings:
Step 13 Login
Enter the username that will be used to log in to the system:
Step 14User Password
Enter the password for your user:
Step 15 Disk Partitioning Method
In this tutorial, we will be looking at manual markup, so select manually. But if you have a blank hard drive, you can choose the automatic option:
Step 16. Selecting a Drive
Select the hard drive where you want to install debian 8 Jessie:
Step 17Partition Table
If the disk is clean, we agree with the creation of a new partition table:
Step 18Create LVM
In this tutorial, we will look at how to install debian 8 on LVM. But if you don't want to use LVM, you can create normal partitions, then do everything the same as for LVM. Select configuring the LVM logical volume manager:
Step 19Verifying LVM
We agree with the creation of LVM:
Step 20 Create a Volume Group
In this step of the wizard, select create volume group:
Then enter the name of the group:
And select the physical disks on which it will be located:
Step 21 Bootloader Section
Create a new logical volume:
First select the LVM group in which this volume will be located:
Enter the size of the volume, 200 MB is enough for the boot partition:
Choose a title, the title is used to make it easier for you to understand what this section is:
Step 22 Root Section
Select the LVM group and enter the size of the partition, it is recommended to take 30-50 GB for the root:
Enter a title for the section.
Step 23 Home Section
Repeat the same steps for the home section. Size - all remaining space:
When done select finish:
Step 24Partition the Disk
It should turn out like this:
Step 25 Assign boot
Select the boot partition, then click Use as:
Select file system, for boot - ext2:
Click mount point:
Select /boot:
Click partition setup is complete.
Step 26 Assign root
Do the same for the root partition:
File system - ext4, mount point /.
Step 27 Assign home
Same steps for home, mount point /home, ext4 file system.
Step 28 Finishing the Markup
It should turn out like this:
Select Finish partitioning and commit changes to disk.
Step 29 Markup Confirmation
If everything is correct, click Yes:
Step 30 Starting the installation
Wait for the main components to install
Step 31 Connecting additional media
Mount and scan for additional media, if loaded:
Step 32 Internet Mirrors
If necessary, you can connect a network mirror
Step 33 Submit reports
Choose whether to send activity reports to the distribution developers:
Step 34 Software
Select the software to be installed:
Step 35 Installing the Software
Step 36Installing the Bootloader
Wait for initialization to complete:
Click Yes to install the bootloader on disk:
Select device:
Step 37: Finishing the installation
Wait for the installation to complete:
Step 38 Installation Complete
Click done to restart your computer:
Step 39 Loading
Select the first item to boot the system normally:
Step 40 Login
Enter the username and password you provided when you installed debian 8.5 Jessie:
Step 41 Done
That's all, now the installation of Debian 8 is complete and you can fully use your system.
conclusions
That's all, now you know how to install debian 8 on your computer. As you can see, Debian has the most customizable installer among all Linux distributions. You can choose any aspect of the system installation and that's not all. Here I used a debian installation in graphical mode, but you can use console mode and get even more control over the installation process. If you have any questions, ask in the comments!
Debian 8.5 installation video:
Recently Released a new version Debian 8 Jessie. This is a fairly popular distribution at the moment, I myself often use it for various purposes. I have an opportunity . We'll do a clean install.
We will install the 64-bit version of Debian 8 Jessie from a minimal image called debian-8.0.0-amd64-netinst. You can get it from the debian.org site. For a successful installation, the server will need Internet access during the installation process. We insert the disk into the system and boot from it. We are greeted by a boot menu with various options:
- Install
- Graphical install
- advanced options
- Install with speech synthesis
The first option is installation using a text installer, the second is a graphical one. We will install using the graphical installer. But if for some reason the graphical installer does not start for you, it happens, then try installing in text mode.
Specify the location:
Choose a keyboard layout. Personally, I prefer when I have the default English layout. It's more comfortable for me. If you prefer to work with Russian, choose Russian:
Next comes connecting the disk and downloading the components for installation, then automatically configuring the network via dhcp, if possible. I have a dhcp server on the network, so at this stage I do not need to specify network settings. You have to wait some time. Then specify the server name:
As a domain in the local network, you can specify anything at your discretion. If the debian server will serve services located on the Internet, specify the real Internet domain. This is a test server for me, so I specify the local domain:
At the next stage of the installation, specify the root superuser password:
Add a regular user to the installed system and specify a password for it:
Specify your time zone:
Next, the disk initialization process begins. We wait a few seconds and see the disk partitioning menu. I choose the first option. If you do not understand what is at stake, then also choose the first one. If you know what LVM is and you really need it, choose the second option. If someone wants to partition a disk manually, then he no longer needs advice, he himself must understand what and why he is doing.
Specify the disk on which we will install Debian. If you have only one, then there is nothing to choose from, and we indicate it:
Now you need to specify the partitioning of the disk. In general, the first option with one section will do. I myself have not bothered lately and use one partition for the system. Depending on the number of disks and the functionality that the server will serve, the breakdown may be different. If you do not understand how and why you need to partition a disk, then do not bother. When you need it, then you will think about how to partition disks. For example, if you need to encrypt a section, or use a drbd mirror, then you will need to use a separate section for these purposes.
Check the settings and click "Finish markup and write changes to disk":
Confirm the markup and select "Yes". After that, all data on the disk will be destroyed and it will be re-partitioned under our new system:
After completing the basic installation, you need to select the nearest mirror from which packages will be downloaded by default:
Then comes the proxy setup. If you do not have it, then just skip the paragraph, as I did.
Starts setting up and updating the apt package manager, and then installing the base set software. At the end, you will be asked to send anonymous statistics about the use of Debian 8. I usually refuse such offers:
Base system installation box, you can specify additional packages to install. I need an ssh server for remote administration. I specify it and the standard system utilities:
After clicking Continue, the system will reboot.
In the reboot field, you can log in as root and check if everything is in order. Let's do it. Log in locally as root and check the version:
# uname -a Linux debian-8 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt9-3~ deb8u1(2015-04-24) x86_64 GNU/Linux
I’ll add, just in case, that by default you won’t be able to log in remotely via ssh as a root. You need to use a different account that you specified during installation. And already from under it, using the su commands, log in as root.
This completes the installation, you can proceed to.
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When I first met Linux, the question immediately arose of which distribution to choose, since it turned out that there are a lot of them and they are all different. After a long study of various materials, I decided to start learning Linux with Debian. And why exactly with Debian? The answer is very simple:
- Debian has a wealth of information on the Internet.
- Debian is not a very young system and has a very large community.
- Debian is stable and well tested.
- Many popular distributions (Ubuntu, Mint, etc.) are based on Debian. Accordingly, having studied it, we can use them.
Where to begin?
And we will start by downloading the distribution from the official Debian website.
After going to the site, in the upper right corner, click Download Debian
After the download is complete, we have a distribution image of the latest stable version of Debian.
To install it, you need to cut it to a disk, either create an installation flash drive, or if you plan to install Debian in a virtual machine, mount it in a virtual drive. How to install operating systems on virtual machines we will look at in another article.
Let's start installing Debian.
The first thing we see when starting the installation is the installation start page.
Choose advanced options
The next window is the installation menu. Here we just click continue.
In the next window, select a location and click Proceed
In the next window, you do not need to select anything, just click Proceed
In the next window, click several times Proceed until we get to the keyboard settings
In the keyboard settings, select Russian and press Proceed
In the next keyboard settings window, select the method for switching the keyboard language and click Proceed
Next install menu item Finding and Mounting a CD-ROM. There is no need to choose anything, just click a few times Proceed
In the next menu item Downloading Installer Components from CD here we also do not select anything, just press several times Proceed
Next item Network card definition clickProceed.
Here we select as you need to manually enter network parameters or automatically. We press Proceed
In the next window, enter the computer name and click Proceed
In the next window, enter the domain name (if your computer is not in the domain, you can simply localhost) and click Proceed
Next menu item Setting up user accounts and passwords press Proceed
Leave everything as it is and click Proceed
In the next window, enter the superuser password and click Proceed
In the next window, create a regular user
Next menu item Disk detection press Proceed and go to Disk Partitioning
Choose manually
You can partition a disk in different ways (for certain needs and tasks) within the framework of this article, we use the easiest way to partition the entire disk. You can read more about Linux partitions and options for proper partitioning in the article Partitions and disk partitioning in Linux.
Select the disk to partition
Proceed
In the next window, select a free space and click Proceed
In the next window, you will be offered the choice to create the necessary disks manually by specifying their size or allow the system to automatically mark the free area. In the case of automatic layout, you will be offered several layout options.
We select Automatically mark free space and click Proceed
In the next window, you will be offered 3 options for partitioning the disk.
In the next window, select Yes and click Proceed
In the next window, leave everything unchanged and click Proceed
We are waiting for the installation of the base system
It is better to use the repository of your country, packages will be downloaded faster.
In the next window, do not change anything. We press Proceed.
Your choice in the next window will depend appearance your desktop. You can select multiple desktops and desktops and choose the one you want when you log in.
The next window will prompt you to install the bootloader. The default is Yes, do not change anything, click Proceed.
Specify where to install
We are waiting for the download to finish.
If the installation was successful, we will see an information window about the completion of the installation and that we can boot the system. We press Proceed, the machine reboots and the system boots.
After the system boots up, we will see an authorization window for logging into Debian. Enter the username and password that we created during the installation process and click To come in
OK it's all over Now. Congratulations! You have just installed the Debian Linux operating system.
After two years of development, the long-awaited stable release of the Debian 9 distribution has arrived. It is the distribution that contains the most stable versions of packages, is very well tested, and is therefore often used on servers where increased stability is required.
The new version brought not so many changes, the main ones are the transition to MariaDB, improved UEFI support, updated many packages, and much more. Read more about what's new in Debian 9 in a separate article, and today we'll look at how Debian 9 Stretch is installed on a computer or laptop.
Preparing for installation
Before we move on to installing the system, you need to prepare everything, download the images, burn them to disks or a USB flash drive, and also configure the BIOS.
Step 1: Download the image
You can download the image on the official website. Open the link labeled stable release, then select the desired architecture and format:
Then it remains only to download the desired images. The developers provide three disks, they have all the necessary packages, but only the first one will be enough for installation, in this case all other packages will be downloaded via the Internet.
Step 2. Write the image to media
You can use k3b to write to disk on Linux, and UltraISO on Windows. We will not dwell on this. Now it is more popular to write an image to a USB flash drive. If you downloaded only one image, then everything is simple here, you will only need to write it using the dd utility:
dd if=~/debian.iso of=/dev/sdc1
Here /dev/sdc1 is the device name of your flash drive. You can also use Unetbootin or any other utility. But if you have downloaded all three images and want to use them during installation, then you need another flash drive, just extract their contents into separate folders on that flash drive.
Step 3Setting up the BIOS
After everything is ready, all that remains is to configure the BIOS to boot from the media. To do this, restart your computer and click Del, F8, F2 or Shift+F2 during the BIOS splash screen. Next, go to the tab Boot and select there in the section Boot Device Priority your device comes first.
Installing debian 9 from a flash drive is almost the same as installing from disk, only you need to select the correct device in the BIOS.
Installing Debian 9
Now let's take a closer look at how Debian 9 is installed. It's important to say that the installer has changed a bit in terms of interface, but the workflow has remained the same.
Step 4 Installation Method
Immediately after the reboot, the installation image will start, in the first step we have to choose the installation method:
I will consider a graphical installation "Graphical".
Step 5 System Language
In the next step, select the language in which you want to use Debian:
Step 6 Location
Step 7 Keyboard Layout
Select the second keyboard layout and then the key to change layouts:
Step 8Computer name
Wait for the package manager and network setup operations to complete, and then specify the name of your computer:
Step 9. Setting up a superuser
Enter the superuser password twice:
Step 10Setting up a standard user
Enter the full username that will be displayed on the panel and in the login menu:
Enter username:
The last step, creating a password:
Step 11. Disk partitioning
If you have a blank disk, you can choose the layout automatically and the system will create such partitions as necessary for the most correct operation. But in this article we will consider manual disk partitioning. Therefore, in the wizard's question about markup, select "Manually":
Step 12Partition Table
Select the device on which you want to install Debian 9:
If the disk is clean, the utility will offer to create a new partition table:
Step 13 Bootloader Section
It's time to create the first partition, we will make a partition for the bootloader. This partition is recommended to be created if you have several Linux distributions on your computer, and also if you use LVM, in other cases the partition is not needed.
Select "Free place" and press "Proceed". In the menu that opens, select "Create a new section". Next, specify the file system "ext2", label Boot, reservation - 0%. The mount point is /boot. The most important parameter is the mount point, everything else is not so important. You also need to set "Label bootable" into position "On".
When done, click on "Partition configuration completed".
Step 14 Root Partition
It is created similar to the previous section, only you need to use more than 10 GB of disk space and a mount point "/" .
You can take any file system suitable for the root, for example, ext4, btrfs, xfs, but not ntfs or fat.
Step 15Swap Partition
Everything is similar, only the file system is "Swap space", and the size must be equal to the number random access memory in the event that you want to use the hibernation mode.
Step 16Home Partition
Under the home partition, you can allocate all the space left from the previous partitions. Your files, videos, music will be stored here. The mount point is /home/. File system of your choice, but not NFTS or FAT.
Step 17 Finishing the Markup
Once everything is ready, select "Disk Setup Complete":
In the next window, click "Yes", to confirm the write changes.
Step 18. Installing the system
Wait until the installation of the basic components of the distribution is completed, this may take up to ten minutes:
Step 19Additional Software
As for several discs that we recorded, at this stage they can be scanned and then inserted if necessary:
It can take a long time to install and download packages from the Internet.
Step 20Installing the Bootloader
Confirm that the bootloader needs to be installed:
Then choose a section for it:
Step 21 Finish
After a few more seconds, the program will report that the Debian installation is complete and you can restart your computer:
Step 22. Starting the system
From the Grub menu, select the first item:
Step 23 Login
Select the user you created during installation and enter its password:
Step 24 Done
Here is the desktop. Now the system is completely ready for use and you can proceed to its personalization and customization.
conclusions
Now you know how to install Debian 9 on a computer via a graphical interface. It's simple enough. Installing the system on the server using pseudographics will be a little more complicated, but all the same steps are used there, perhaps we will consider it in one of the following articles. I hope this information was helpful to you.